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1001 Tests of Foods, 
Beverages and Toilet Accessories 




1RRIS & EWING 



Dr. Wiley at Work 

Tried in the balance and found ? 



1001 Tests 

of Foods, Beverages and Toilet 
Accessories, Good and Otherwise 



Why They Are So 

By 
Harvey W. Wiley, M.D. 

Director, Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health, 
Good Housekeeping Magazine 

Arranged by 

Anne Lewis Pierce, M.S. 

Formerly Editor, Bureau of Chemistry, 
U. 8. Dept. of Agriculture 




Hearst's International Library Co. 
New York : : 1914 






Copyright, 1912, 1913, by 
Good Housekeeping Magazine 

Copyright, 1914, by 
Hearst's International Library Co., Inc. 



All rights reserved, including the trans- 
lation into foreign languages, including 
the Scandinavian. 



OCT 10 1914 



CI.A379961 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 



The chemical and microscopical work lying 
back of this report was done under Doctor 
Wiley's direction, in the Institute of Industrial 
Research, 19th and B Streets, North West, 
Washington, D. C, of which Dr. A. S. Cushman 
is Director. The detail of the work was super- 
vised by Mr. H. C. Fuller, whose assistance in 
reviewing the data is also acknowledged. 



Contents 

PAGE 

The Pure Food Battle — Looking Backward and 

Forward, By H. W. Wiley ix 

Key to Method of Rating Products .... xxviii 
Classified Lists of Tested Foods, Beverages and Cos- 
metics, with Comments — 

I Baking Powders, Yeasts, Etc 1 

II Beverages 5 

Chocolates and Cocoas 5 

Coffee and Tea 10 

Soft Drinks, Tonics and Medicated Bev- 
erages 19 

III Biscuits, Cakes, Etc 27 

IV Candies 33 

V Canned Goods: (See also Fish and Meats) 41 

Fruits (See also Dried Fruits) ... 45 

Milk Products, Infant's Foods, Etc. . . 48 

Soups, Extracts, Bouillon Cubes, Etc. . 61 

Vegetables 66 

VI Cereals and Cereal Products .... 72 

Breakfast Foods 72 

Flours, Meals and Brans 79 

Rice 88 

Spaghetti and Macaroni 91 

VII Condiments 95 

VIII Desserts 107 

IX Extracts 113 

X Fish (Canned, Dried, Etc.) .... 122 



CONTENTS 



PAGE 

XI Fruits (Dried) .126 

XII Household Remedies and Disinfectants > 130 

XIII Lard, Butters, and their Substitutes . . 145 

XIV Meats (Canned, Dried, Etc.) . ;¥1 , . . 149 
XV Olive Oils, Etc 153 

XVI Preserves, Pickles, Etc . . 157 

XVII Sugars and Saccharine Products . . . 163 
XVIII Toilet Articles 

Cold Creams ........ 173 

Hair Tonics, Shampoos, Etc. ... . 186 

Miscellaneous Preparations . . . . 193 

Perfumes 198 

Powders 202 

Soaps 209 

Tooth Powders, Pastes, Etc 216 

Index . . 225 



THE PUEE FOOD BATTLE 
LOOKING BACKWARD AND FORWARD 

FOE a third of a century the fight for pure 
food has been waged and the end is not yet. 
No great question is ever settled until it is settled 
right. The game is not over until one or the 
other of the contestants is checkmated. Draws 
do not count. During this third of a century it 
has been my fortune to be in the thick of the fight, 
at first as a private, then through the various 
grades of leadership to colonel or even general of 
the brigade, and now again in the ranks. This 
battle has not, however, been a fight of a personal 
character as some late historians assert. It was 
and is a struggle for human rights as much as the 
Eevolution or the Civil War. A battle for the 
privilege of going free of robbery and with a 
guaranty of health. It has been and is a fight 
for the individual right against the vested interest, 
of the man against the dollar. My first partici- 
pation in the fray was a study of adulteration of 
table syrups for the Indiana Board of Health in 
1880 and my last (but I hope not final) is this 

ix 



x THE PURE FOOD BATTLE 

book on tested foods, beverages, and cosmetics. 
During those thirty-four years I do not believe 
that any one caring to know has ever had to ask 
which side I am on. From the very first look 
into the awful conditions which so generally pre- 
vailed, up to the present time, with a survey of 
the intolerable evils that still exist, though happily 
to a less extent, I have stood always for food 
that is food. 

The evils of adulteration are not many in kind 
but they ramify into hundreds of channels. At 
first there was no ethical standard of excellence 
among manufacturers of food. If one man put 
out a high grade product another could call a low 
grade or adulterated article by the same name. 
A representative of a great food distributing con- 
cern who appeared before the Committee on In- 
terstate and Foreign Commerce to protest against 
the passage of the pending food bill, declared that 
the food industry of the country rested on fraud 
and deception. ' ' Make us leave preservatives and 
coloring matters out of our food," he declared, 
"and call our products by the right name and you 
will bankrupt every food industry in the country." 
And he was sincere about it too. Dr. Victor C. 
Vaughan of the University of Michigan, now Presi- 
dent of the American Medical Association, came 



THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xi 

to Washington and testified to the harmless- 
ness of benzoate of soda in food and he was by 
no means the only, although the most renowned, 
professor who, in the interest of like ingredients, 
journeyed to Washington for the same purpose. 
Makers of so-called patent medicines sent a pow- 
erful lobby to Washington to see to it that the 
food and drug bill should never become a law. It 
was commonly asserted that patent medicine in- 
terests influenced the public press to such an ex- 
tent that the bill would never pass as long 
as it contained the sections relating to drug 
products. The powerful rectifiers of liquors in 
this country were a unit in opposing every step 
in the passage of a law that would interfere with 
making alleged old, mellow, intoxicating bever- 
ages bearing the name of the genuine product, 
out of alcohol and artificial flavors and colors. 
Grocers and druggists sent delegations to protest 
against the enactment of any measure that would 
prevent the sale of adulterated and debased ar- 
ticles or require full weight and measure. Every 
man who used alum, coal tar dyes, salicylic acid, 
burning sulphur fumes, benzoic acid, copper sul- 
phate, saltpeter, saccharin, borax, or other non- 
food ingredients in his products joined the solid 
phalanx that struggled to prevent the passage of 



xii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE 

a law which would interfere with these despic- 
able means of making money. Manufacturers 
and dealers who would gladly have continued to 
make pure and properly branded goods were 
forced by unfair competition to practice the arts 
of adulteration and misbranding. 

As the public was led into the knowledge of 
these abuses and the pressure began to be felt 
looking to their correction, the enemies of pure 
food began to cry ' ' muckraking, ' ' ' ' exaggeration, ' ' 
" publicity bureaus,' ' "yellow journalism," etc., 
seeking to raise a cloud of dust which would hide 
the real issue. A campaign of personal denun- 
ciation and disparagement was inaugurated of a 
magnitude that can only be appreciated by those 
whose activities and principles were directed to- 
ward the cleaning of the Augean stables of trade. 
By the accident of my official position, I had the 
good fortune to be the target of a veritable fusil- 
lade of poisoned arrows from every trade journal, 
newspaper and magazine which the adulterating 
interests could control. There was hardly a week 
that some interested organization or mercenary 
interest did not demand my removal from the pub- 
lic service. Detectives were placed on my track 
and every possible means employed to prejudice 
my scientific standing and official integrity. 



THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xiii 

Fortunately the more bitter and venomous the 
attacks the more rapidly the cause grew and 
waxed strong. The Federated Women's Clubs, 
the Patrons of Husbandry, the labor organizations 
and the medical profession all joined enthusias- 
tically the army fighting for pure food. Finally 
the first part of the long battle came to a close. 
The pure food army gained a complete victory. 
On the 30th day of June, 1906, the President of the 
United States signed the Act which forbade in- 
terstate and foreign commerce in adulterated or 
misbranded foods and drugs. Although the first 
battle was won the war was not over. The de- 
feated squadrons of the unethical and mercenary 
interests were driven from the field but they were 
not destroyed. What was their next move? To 
pervert the purposes of the Act and to control its 
execution. Under the provisions of the law the 
Bureau of Chemistry of which I was Chief, was 
charged with the analysis of all samples for the 
purpose of determining whether they were adul- 
terated or misbranded. The Bureau of Chemistry 
was pledged to one very simple but most impor- 
tant principle, namely: "When in doubt protect 
the consumer." The interests pledged to adul- 
teration and misbranding were not slow to learn 
that they had nothing to hope from a Government 



xiv THE PURE FOOD BATTLE 

Bureau animated by such an unheard of rule. 
They immediately set about devising ways and 
means to put the Bureau of Chemistry out of busi- 
ness. They secured the appointment of another 
body, the Board of Food and Drug Inspection, 
charged, in direct contempt of the law, to decide 
the question of what was or was not an adul- 
teration or misbranding. The decisions of this il- 
legal board were by executive order made binding 
on the Bureau of Chemistry. 

The appointment of this Board was hailed with 
shouts of approval by every interest and every 
individual who had opposed the enactment of the 
law. They were not mistaken. In the most di- 
rect and contemptuous manner this Board pro- 
ceeded to do the kind of work which it was ap- 
pointed to accomplish. But there were certain 
difficulties in the way. The Bureau of Chemistry 
anticipating the probability of the passage of a 
food law had carried on extensive experiments on 
young men for a period of several years and had 
demonstrated that certain bodies used to preserve 
and color foods were injurious to health. These 
experiments had shown that boric acid and borax, 
salicylic acid and salicylates, sulphurous acid and 
sulphites, benzoic acid and benzoates and sulphate 
of copper were bodies seriously affecting health 



THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xv 

and therefore forbidden under the law to be placed 
in food. These conclusions so inimical to the in- 
terests of those who added them to foods and so 
beneficial to the eaters of foods must be set aside. 
How was this to be done ? There was no legal way 
to accomplish it. The courts could not be de- 
pended upon, in fact they were so unmindful of 
the vested interests that they were in most cases 
actually supporting the findings of the Bureau of 
Chemistry. Therefore, resort was again had to 
executive action. Without due regard to the pro- 
visions of the law questions relating to the ef-x 
feet of certain of these preservatives on health 
were referred to a Commission of Scientific Ex- 
perts, established by executive order. Pending 
the action of this Commission the adulterators 
were permitted to poison the people of the country 
ad libitum and the Bureau of Chemistry was di- 
rected to bring no action against those who used 
these poisonous products. 

What followed? A hallelujah chorus from all 
the cohorts of adulteration. It was a complete 
triumph for the hosts of Satan in so far as offi- 
cialdom was concerned. But not so with an out- 
raged Public Opinion. The press and the people 
and also many food manufacturers rallied in over- 
whelming numbers to the support of the Bureau 



xvi THE PURE FOOD BATTLE 

of Chemistry, hindered and halted. Earely if 
ever has there been seen in any country snch an 
overwhelming condemnation of official acts. 
Practically, however, the Janus doors of adul- 
teration were wide open to such manufacturers as 
chose to use them. To the credit of the American 
business man it can be said that comparatively 
few availed themselves of this official indulgence 
to poison and defraud. 

How deadly these concessions to adulteration 
have proved to the states that have attempted a 
better execution of the law than that instituted 
by the National Government, is vividly shown by 
an article in the Monthly Bulletin of the Indiana 
State Board of Health for December, 1913. The 
title of the article is "Benzoate of Soda and Sul- 
phites,' ' and the quotation is as follows: 

"After hearing little from these old friends for more 
than a year, we are forced to admit that the lessons of 
the past have not been sufficiently thorough to protect 
our markets, for recent samples of cider have shown the 
presence of benzoate of soda, and several samples of 
grape juice have been found to be bleached and pre- 
served with sulphurous acid. Occasional samples of so- 
called Maraschino cherries, tomato catsup and sweet 
pickles collected from towns supplied from Cincinnati 
and Chicago have also shown these preservatives. 



THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xvii 

"Two things are evident. We can never relax our 
vigilance in the protection of the food supply in the be- 
lief that we have reached a pure food millenium, and 
further, it is unwise to rely too firmly in the belief 
that manufacturers shipping goods into the State are 
careful to advise themselves as to our laws before they 
take their orders or make shipments.' y 

In about a year the Remsen Board brought in 
its first verdict over-ruling the Bureau of Chem- 
istry on the benzoate matter, and by official pro- 
mulgation the food manufacturers of this country 
were promised complete immunity in the use of 
benzoic acid and benzoate in any food and in any 
quantity they might choose. There is a wide- 
spread impression that the quantity permitted is 
limited to one-tenth of one per cent. This is not 
so. A food manufacturer may put a shovelful of 
benzoate into any quantity of food he pleases and 
he is promised perfect immunity in so doing. No 
more outrageous and intolerable disregard of pub- 
lic rights and morals was ever perpetrated by the 
most vicious despotism described in the world's 
history. After a few years more the Remsen 
Board rendered another decision supporting the 
action of the Bureau of Chemistry in declaring 
saccharin an unfit ingredient of human food, but 
meanwhile during all these years the public was 



xviii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE 

exposed to its free and unlimited use. Again a 
short time ago the Eemsen Board rendered a ver- 
dict supporting the contention originally made by 
the Bureau of Chemistry, that sulphate of copper 
is a poisonous body, and as such should not be 
added to food. Thus again the people of this 
country were exposed to the dangers of eating 
copper salts for five years, simply because adul- 
terators demanded a review, hoping for a reversal 
of the decision of the Bureau. 

The other questions referred to the Eemsen 
Board, namely, the effect of sulphurous acids and 
sulphites and of alum on health, up to March of 
1914, remain unanswered by the Eemsen Board, 
or if answered the verdict is sealed in impene- 
trable gloom in the Department of Agriculture. 
Now for nearly seven years our people have been 
exposed to serious injury by the presence of these 
poisons in foods, under the high, though illegal, 
interpretation of a law enacted to protect the 
American people but turned by executive procla- 
mation to the protection of adulterators ! 

This country has for so many years existed in 
an atmosphere of the sacred rights of the dollar 
that these concessions to Mammon have been 
looked upon as the chief function of law and its 
interpretation. This sentiment has been still more 



THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xix 

definitely crystallized by the decisions of the Su- 
preme Court, which on the two occasions in which 
the purpose of the law to protect the consumer 
has been under advisement has ruled adversely to 
his interests. The first of these decisions was in 
the famous Johnson Cancer Case, in which the 
Court ruled that the law against false statements 
did not apply to the cure-all claims of the fake 
remedy; and the second case, viz., that of the 
United States vs. Bleached Flour, that poisons 
may be added to food unless the proof of possible 
injury to health is convincing. 

During these long and unsavory years I tried 
to the best of my ability to discharge faithfully the 
difficult duties committed to me, in harmony with 
the obligations of my solemn oath of office and in 
the interest of the American people. In spite of 
official disfavor which made my environment par- 
ticularly hard and in spite of the bitter denuncia- 
tion of a few journals (a mere fraction of the en- 
tire press of the country) inspired by a question- 
able zeal, I held on, hoping that some change might 
come and that the spirit of service to the people 
might again enter into the heart of our high rulers. 
And what then? Colleagues preferred serious 
charges against me without the shadow of a foun- 
dation, my superior officers lent a ready ear, I 



xx THE PURE FOOD BATTLE 

was tried in a Star Chamber without my knowl- 
edge and on ex 'parte evidence, convicted and sen- 
tenced to be dismissed from the position that I 
had held for nearly thirty years. This outrageous 
proceeding attracted the attention of Congress. 
A searching investigation of the charges against 
me was made and I was unanimously exonerated. 
Nevertheless, the men who had falsely and mali- 
ciously accused me and manufactured the evidence 
on which I was convicted were continued in office 
and in favor. As a protest against this condition 
of affairs I resigned as Chief of the Bureau of 
Chemistry on March 15, 1912. 

Within two weeks of that time on April 1, 1912, 
I began my work for Good Housekeeping with a 
guarantee of academic freedom of expression and 
an advisory supervision of the advertisements of 
foods, remedies and cosmetics admitted to its col- 
umns. No one who has not experienced what I 
went through can conceive of the feeling of relief 
which I then enjoyed. Coming out of a field in 
which all the foremen had been my enemies I 
entered a garden of activity in which all the head 
men were my friends. In this favorable environ- 
ment I have had unrestricted opportunity to carry 
on my battle for pure food, finding no enemy to 
stab me in the back. In connection with this work 



THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxi 

I have had the good fortune with the laboratory 
facilities given me by Good Housekeeping to ex- 
amine chemically more than a thousand samples 
of common foods, beverages, cosmetics and con- 
fections. I have also been permitted to criticise 
the labels and advertisements by means of which 
these products are offered to the consumer. In 
the great battle for the right a determined and 
methodical assault has been made upon false and 
misleading representation to the public. The fake 
remedy, the inert appliance, the exaggerated vir- 
tue, all are intended to mislead and deceive. Per- 
fect candor and truth should characterize all 
claims made for all merchandise. The public gaze 
is already turned on these faults. The press is 
already taking notice. The Associated Advertis- 
ing Clubs of the country have undertaken a sys- 
tematic campaign against these extravagant and 
often harmful misrepresentations. Pure Adver- 
tising is fit handmaiden for Pure Food. 

These are the objects I have had in view in the 
work done under the auspices of Good Housekeep- 
ing. The way in which these principles have been 
used as measuring rods to guide me in the de- 
cisions reached call for a word of explanation that 
the scope and results of the work may not be mis- 
interpreted and the maximum amount of practical 



xxii TH E PURE FOOD BATTLE 

good may be done. While these investigations 
were undertaken primarily to protect the adver- 
tising columns of Good Housekeeping, their deeper 
purpose was to render a constructive service to 
the cause of pure food and its honest labeling, 
merchandising, and advertising. This service 
could only be made broadly effective by placing 
on record the results of our findings on the thou- 
sand or more samples of foods, drug products and 
cosmetics that have passed through the laboratory 
during the past two years together with the rea- 
sons of those decisions. This is for the mutual 
advantage of the progressive manufacturer and 
the woman buyer who in many cases is groping 
blindly in a maze of doubts and fears as to what 
is and what is not an adulterated or misbranded 
package. 

No one can realize more clearly the limitations 
and imperfections of such a piece of work than 
those who have struggled with the detail of it. 
It is urged that such partial lists, of necessity open 
to differences of opinion as to their grading, work 
injustices, are incomplete and therefore should not 
be printed. This does not seem to be an adequate 
reason for lacking the courage to take the next 
step and submit the work on its merits as far as 
it has been carried. No change, no reform, no 



THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxiii 

big piece of work lias ever been carried through 
without minor and incidental hardships, and while 
the impossibility of perfection in such an under- 
taking is manifest, the doing of it seems none 
the less serviceable and worth while, from the 
broadest point of view. 

Among the difficulties that beset the task are 
these : As the chemist and microscopist can not 
take the place of the factory inspector, some de- 
fects are not disclosed by analysis though pro- 
nounced bad conditions might be reflected in the 
product. The products of the same company vary 
from time to time, or from season to season — the 
output is not uniform, any more than is the out- 
put of the home kitchen, and therefore determina- 
tions on one or two samples may be misleading. 
This is especially true of goods handled by jobbers, 
bought here and there, and labeled with a common 
brand or distributor's name. Again an excellent 
product may be extravagantly labeled and mis- 
leadingly praised, while a mediocre one may be ir- 
reproachable in this regard, and the rating must 
be balanced to give the sanest and most practical 
help to the buyer. These and many other inter- 
acting causes make "whitelisting" a thankless 
undertaking. This book is not a white list nor a 
black list. There are doubtless many products 



xxiv THE PURE FOOD BATTLE 



not mentioned which are as good as those we have 
examined ; and no effort was made to find products 
to condemn. On the other hand, we sought in the 
open market those foods having a general sale and 
presumably of the best quality, that the advice 
might be positive rather than negative in its char- 
acter. 

It is something to be able to say definitely that 
the representative samples of the products listed, 
on which we shared the consumer's luck, are free 
from injurious or debasing ingredients, are at 
least of standard quality, and in many cases are 
superior to the requirements maintained by fed- 
eral and state regulations, that the package offers 
honest weight or measure, and that the labeling 
is not misleading in any essential particular. 
And that is what we do say of the " starred" prod- 
ucts reported. Occasionally a meaningless flight 
of fancy on the label or in the circular matter of a 
very fine quality product has been but lightly 
scored — the most practical service seeming to de- 
mand this. Some may think that too much stress 
has been laid upon exaggerated claims. But the 
importance of insisting on truthful descriptions 
of foods, drugs, and cosmetics, their uses and 
value, as well as their composition, can not be 
overestimated, whether the statements appear on 



THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxv 

the label, in circulars, or in the advertisement. 
Otherwise the consumer is hopelessly at the mercy 
of the imagination of the label or advertisement 
writer, all relative sense of value is lost, and in- 
telligent buying is impossible. To permit it in 
any marked degree, because the product is other- 
wise a good one, halts the whole reform movement, 
as it makes competition unfair, the honest man's 
sanely described product being overshadowed by 
the vocabulary of his business rival. Far reach- 
ing and radical changes have been made in the 
descriptive material of many well known products, 
since the folly of claiming that everything is the 
"best" the "most nutritious, ' ' the "only thing" 
of the kind worth buying, becomes rather striking 
when all of these superlatives are gathered to- 
gether within a few pages of each other in our 
magazines and newspapers. A shrieking chorus 
of contradictory superlatives gets no one any- 
where, either buyer or seller. 

It will be noted that products ranging from 85 
to 100 per cent, are starred. Manifestly there 
must exist among these minor differences of 
quality, the use of more or less expensive packages 
and wrapping, etc. A product rated at 85 is not 
so near perfection as one rated at 95. An olive 
oil, for example, may be pure, meet all the required 



xxvi THE P URE FOOD BATTLE 

tests and standards, but be less characteristic in 
odor and flavor, less distinctive in character than 
another. The preference may be largely a matter 
of taste and it did not seem practicable to en- 
deavor to distinguish any more closely between 
grades of excellence than this. The problem is 
further complicated by the question of relative 
cost. One product may be wholesome, nutritious 
or pleasing, and a good bargain at 50 cents, though 
not so delicious, nor of quite such high grade 
as something of the same kind sold at a dollar. 
Plainly this is a question in itself and one that 
could be given only secondary consideration in 
grading a large number of miscellaneous products. 
The housewife must adapt the findings to her own 
taste and pocketbook to some extent. 

The same questions arise repeatedly in corre- 
spondence, concerning certain classes of foods, the 
special adulterations to be avoided, the points to 
be noted in reading the labels, the standards that a 
first class product should attain, and so on. The 
introduction to each classified list of products is 
intended to cover as briefly and simply as possible 
some of these salient points, to aid the judgment 
of the housekeeper in general buying and to as- 
sist in an intelligent interpretation of the ratings. 

One of the many bright lights in the rather thick 



THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxvii 

cloud of difficulties that hung about this pioneer 
effort was the readiness of most of the leading 
manufacturers and advertising men to modify 
claims, labels, and advertisements when inconsist- 
encies and inaccuracies were brought to their at- 
tention. The time is undoubtedly coming when it 
will be a confession of inferiority to overrate or 
distort the merits and special uses of any com- 
modity — just as any boaster is self-branded a 
light-weight rather than a man of parts. To 
hasten the coming of this day, to uphold the hands 
of the manufacturers, who in a transition period, 
at some sacrifice and under unfair conditions of 
competition, are willing to make this advance and 
speak the plain truth about an honest product, 
depending on merit rather than on language to sell 
their goods; and to serve the housekeepers, who 
are the buyers of the nation's food and on whose 
judgment and wise selection the health of thou- 
sands of workers and children largely depend — 
we offer this report of progress, believing that in 
spite of its necessary limitations, it will be useful 
to buyer and seller alike. The object is neither 
to praise nor to condemn, but to serve. To fur- 
nish a stepping stone in the quagmire of doubts 
that the food agitation has created, to lay a foun- 
dation for further work, to provide the housewife 



xxviii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE 

with both specific and general information on 
mooted points, and above all to give a further im- 
petus to the movement toward higher standards 
in the manufacture, merchandising, and advertis- 
ing of foods, so essential to the well being of all — 
is the purpose of this book. 

H. W. Wiley. 
Washington, D. C, March, 1914. 

KEY TO METHOD OF RATING PRODUCTS 



Starred products (^) are those rated at 85 to 100, represent- 
ing high quality and full weight and measure with accurate 
labeling and reasonably conservative claims. 

(N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84, given 
to products subject to such criticism, in my judgment, as incor- 
rect labeling, slightly short weight, relatively inferior quality, 
etc. 

Disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less, are only in a 
few instances actually harmful (though some do contain chemical 
preservatives, alum, artificial colors, etc., deemed injurious to 
health), but are so classed because they are, in my opinion, of 
low quality, or are misbranded, or carry grossly exaggerated 
claims as to efficiency or nutritive value. 



A two-year period (April 1912-1914) is covered by the ex- 
amination of these samples. The character of some of the 
products may have changed since they were studied, labels and 
circulars may have been revised, and wherever such changes 
have been brought to our attention we have met the improve- 
ment with a reconsideration and re-rating of the product on its 
merits. Ratings will be advanced as further improvements are 
noted. 



1001 Tests of Foods, 
Beverages and Toilet Accessories 



Note: Changes and corrections in ratings and descriptive 
matter will be published, as opportunity may offer, in Good 
Housekeeping Magazine. All communications concerning such 
changes should be addressed to me as Director of the Good 
Housekeeping Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health, Wood- 
ward Building, Washington, D. C. 

H. W. Wiley. 



1001 TESTS 

Classified Lists of Tested Foods, Beverages 
and Cosmetics with Comments. 



BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC. 

THERE are three kinds of baking powders, the 
cream of tartar type; the phosphate pow- 
ders; and the alum powders. From the stand- 
point of economy, what the housekeeper wants is 
the powder with the highest carbon dioxide con- 
tent and the minimum of starch or filler necessary 
to preserve its strength. High grade powders 
contain from 12 to 14 per cent, of carbon dioxide. 
Below 10 per cent, is poor quality. All leave a 
mineral residue in the bread and for this and other 
reasons I believe them to be relatively less health- 
ful than the products made with yeast. For con- 
venience, for quick use, etc., the baking powders 
are unequaled, and the hot bread, cakes, pancakes, 
so made fill a permissible role in the menu, if not 

" over-worked.' ' 

l 



2 1001 TESTS 



The alum powders are the least desirable, there 
being grave question as to their wholesomeness. 
Between the other two types there is not much to 
choose. Two teaspoonfuls of a tartrate powder 
leave in a loaf made from a quart of flour, 
about 165 grains of Eochelle salts, 45 grains 
more than a Seidlitz powder. The phosphate 
type leaves in the loaf a still larger amount 
of phosphate of lime and phosphate of soda, the 
latter being slightly purgative. The alum pow- 
ders leave a deposit of hydrate of aluminum and 
sulphate of soda, or if phosphate is used, which is 
now generally the case, phosphate of aluminum is 
also present. There is some difference of opinion 
as to the degree of solubility of aluminum salts 
and their exact physiological effect. (See p. 4.) 

Of late egg albumen has been added to baking 
powders, especially alum powders, and claims 
made as to the added nutriment so obtained and 
the greater efficiency of the powder. The albumen 
gives a fine thick foam when mixed with water, and 
the demonstrator points this out as evidence of its 
greater efficiency. These claims are misleading 
and the use of albumen in baking powders has 
been prohibited in some States on this ground. 
Formerly, many powders contained a slight trace 
of either lead (in cream of tartar powders) or 



BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC. 3 

arsenic (in phosphate powders), but these bodies 
are now practically eliminated from well-made 
products. 

TESTED BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC. 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Calumet Baking Powder Company, Chicago, 111. 
(D) Calumet Baking Powder. (Contains alum and egg 
albumen declared on label. Doubtful if "com- 
plete neutralization" of alum is always effected 
as claimed.) 

Cleveland Baking Powder Company, New York City. 

* Cleveland's Superior Baking Powder. (Cream of 

tartar type.) 
Corby Brothers, Washington, D. C. 

* Yeast. 

Davis, R. B., Company, Hoboken, N. *F. 

(D) Davis 0. K. Baking Powder. (An alum baking 
powder, correctly labeled.) 

Fleischmann, Company, The, Washington, D. C. 

* Yeast. (Good yeast but starch present, presence 

of "tapioca flour" being declared in very small 
type.) 

Gumbert, S., and Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

(D) Up-Rise Baking Powder. (Alum baking powder 



1001 TESTS 



containing egg albumen, and correctly la- 
beled.) 

Jaques Manufacturing Company, Chicago, 111. 

(D) K. C. Baking Powder. (An alum baking pow- 
der, accurately labeled.) 

Price Baking Powder Company, Chicago, 111. 

* Dr. Price's Cream Baking Poyder. (Cream of 

tartar type.) 
Royal Baking Powder Company, New York City. 

* Royal Baking Powder. (Cream of tartar type, 

excellent product but claim u absolutely pure," 
untenable as is always the case.) 
Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I. 

* Rumford Baking Powder. (Phosphate type.) 
Slade, D. and L., Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Congress Baking Powder. ( Cream of Tartar type. ) 

* Absolutely Pure Grape Cream of Tartar. (Equal 

to Pharmacopceial standard as claimed, but 
phrase "absolutely pure" objectionable.) 

* Baking Soda — Absolutely Pure Saleratus. (Sam?-.) 
(Note: Since writing this the Referee Board have rendered 

their decision that small amounts (2.31 grains per day) of alum- 
inum added to foods are not injurious. Large amounts, however, 
produced "an occasional colic"! In my opinion the conditions 
were such as to render the results entirely inconclusive. The 
Board considered only the aluminum hydrate left in bread by the 
use of alum baking powders. This is well known to be the least 
injurious of the aluminum compounds. My opinion as to the un- 
desirable effects of baking powders in general, when excessively 
used, is confirmed by the report of the Remsen Board.) 



n 

BEVERAGES 
CHOCOLATES AND COCOAS 

THESE are some of the questions repeatedly 
asked in regard to cocoas and chocolates — 
with their answers. 

1. What is the difference between cocoa and 
chocolate — which is better to use? Cocoa is 
merely chocolate from which about half of the fat 
has been removed. It has therefore less heat 
value but is a better balanced food and is for that 
reason preferred for invalids and children, the 
chocolate being ' ' too rich. ' ' The cocoas have from 
20 to 27 per cent, of fat, and the chocolates, 45 to 
50 per cent., 45 per cent, being required by the 
standard. 

2. Is there a poisonous drug called theobromin 
in chocolate? There is a trace of caffein and 
about 1.8 per cent, of theobromin in cocoa. This 
is an alkaloid related to caffein but is generally 
conceded to be relatively free from any marked 
action on the nerve centers. Further than this 
cocoa and chocolate being made with milk and hav- 

5 



6 1001 TESTS 



ing more food value the stimulating effect of this 
ingredient is much decreased. We do not hear 
much of the "cocoa habit" or of folks who " can't 
get through the day without it. ' ' 

3. Is an alkali-treated cocoa harmful? Why is 
it done? Only about 25 per cent, of cocoa is solu- 
ble in water, and the so-called i ' Dutch process ' ' or 
treating with an alkali, is practiced because it com- 
bines with the fat and makes an emulsion, thus ap- 
parently increasing the solubility while really it 
does not do so at all. The process is not regarded 
with general favor, as it increases the mineral con- 
stituents, adding about 3 per cent, of alkalies to the 
cocoa, but one cannot say that it is actually in- 
jurious. The practice is questionable, and the 
consumer should be given the benefit of the doubt, 
therefore, the presence of these alkalies should al- 
ways be plainly declared, that invalids and those of 
delicate digestion may avoid such brands. Ex- 
travagant claims in regard to the special merits of 
the treatment, resulting solubility, digestibility, 
etc., are misleading. 

4. What is plain or bitter chocolate? This 
product should be composed of the roasted, 
crushed cocoa nibs only. These nibs contain 
over 50 per cent, of fat. The bitter chocolates 
of commerce contain from 45 to 49 per cent, of fat 



BEVERAGES 7 

only, showing the removal of a small part of the 
fat or the addition of some drying substance, such 
as sugar or starch. 

5. What are the adulterants of cocoas f Starch 
and cocoa shells are sometimes added; iron oxide 
is occasionally added to cheap products to color 
them ; added sugar is also considered an adulterant 
from the standpoint that it is a cheaper product 
mixed with the more expensive one for which you 
are paying. Sweetened chocolate should be so 
labeled. There is practically no adulteration of 
brands of any reputation. 

TESTED BEVERAGES 
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 8*4; disapproved products 
(Z>), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

TESTED CHOCOLATES AND COCOAS 
Baker, Walter, and Company, Dorchester, Mass. 

* Breakfast Cocoa. (Claim "absolutely pure" un- 
tenable, as always.) 
Bensdorp, Amsterdam, Holland. (Bartlett, Stephen L., 
Company.) 
(N) Royal Dutch Cocoa. (A good Dutch process 
cocoa but presence of added mineral ingredients 
makes statement, "Is acknowledged by the lead- 
ing authorities to be an absolutely pure cocoa/' 
especially objectionable.) 



8 1001 TESTS 



Blookers, Amsterdam, and New York. 

* Blooker's Daalders Cocoa. (Dutch process 3% 

per cent, alkali added, properly labeled; good 
quality.) 

Huyler's, New York. 

* Cocoa, Huyler's. (Mineral ingredients slightly 

high; not added alkali, however.) 

* Premium Chocolate. 

Lowney, Walter M. Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Breakfast Cocoa. (Good quality. Extravagant 

claims. " Unlike any other"; "Of special bene- 
fit to those of delicate digestion.") 

Maillard, Henry, 35th and Fifth Avenue, New York, 
N. Y. 

* Maillard 's Breakfast Cocoa. (Extravagant claims 

as to solubility, "absolute purity." No cocoa 
is "thoroughly soluble.") 

* Maillard 's Premium Chocolate. 

Peter Cailler Kdhler Swiss Chocolates Company, Ful- 
ton, N. Y. 
*k Breakfast Cocoa. ("Absolutely pure" claim ex- 
travagant.) 
Phillips, Charles H. Chemical Company, New York. 
(N) Phillips Digestible Cocoa. (No right to the claim 
of special digestibility; phosphates added, about 
20% of sugar and vanilla — declared on label.) 



BEVERAGES 9 



Stollwerck Brothers, Inc., New York. 

* Gold Brand Premium Chocolate. 

Van Houten and Sons, Holland. 

(N) Van Houten 's Famous Cocoa, Unexcelled. 
(Greatly exaggerated claims as to improvement 
of the product by the. Dutch treatment with 
alkali.) 

Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Instantaneous Chocolate. (A sweet chocolate, 

about half sugar, 24% fat. Should be so la- 
beled.) 

Yours Truly Company, Chicago, Illinois. 

* Yours Truly Breakfast Cocoa. (Not u absolutely 

pure, ,f nothing is.) 
(N) Yours Truly Premium Chocolate. (Samples ex- 
amined were coated with shellac. No arsenio. 
Otherwise good quality.) 



COFFEE AND TEA 

All that the chemist can do to protect the buyer 
of coffee and tea is to assure him that the product 
is not faced or artificially colored, does not consist 
of dried stems instead of leaves in the case of tea, 
or is not coated with injurious substances and 
mixed with adulterants such as chicory in the case 
of coffee ; to make sure that the amount of extract 
yielded is what it should be ; that odor and flavor 
are good and that the tea and coffee are free from 
dirt. In the case of teas the samples were com- 
pared with a set of standard Treasury samples for 
grading purposes. These points have been deter- 
mined for the samples reported but when it comes 
to fine gradations in quality, this is a matter for 
the expert and the individual as personal tastes 
vary widely and the practice of blending many 
different kinds of teas and coffees and selling them 
under fancy names, makes it impossible to estab- 
lish any more definite standards. This is espe- 
cially true in the case of teas. Wide variations in 
price exist among some of the starred samples and 
corresponding variations in quality naturally are 

found, but the teas Approved are all standard and 

10 



BEVERAGES 11 

good quality for the price asked. A frank state- 
ment on the label as to the kind of coif ee entering 
into the blend of package goods bearing pro- 
prietary fancy names would clarify the whole sit- 
uation and enable the buyer to judge both of price 
and relative quality and to know what coffees 
produce the preferred flavor. Why should we buy 
a "pig in a poke"? Why not know what blend 
of coffees we purchase ! Such package goods, giv- 
ing the buyer no inkling as to the nature and qual- 
ity of the contents, do not always lead to fraud 
but it makes it perilously easy if a manufacturer is 
looking for such an opportunity. Let the house- 
keeper stand for intelligent, simple labels that 
mean something. 

The coffee and tea drinker knows that he is taking 
caffein, a nerve stimulant, and more or less habit- 
forming drug when he takes these beverages, and 
the tannic acid present may affect the digestion 
more or less, varying with the individual suscepti- 
bility. There is no doubt but what the excessive 
use of tea and coffee injuriously affects a large 
percentage of the persons using them and in many 
cases of idiosyncrasy even small quantities are 
harmful. 

The only other point of special interest is the 
"cereal coffees' ' or so-called coffee substitutes. 



18 1001 TESTS 



These are not substitutes for coffee in that they 
do not produce the same effect, do not have the 
same flavor, and cannot fill their place. They are 
harmless, their chief sin lying in the extraordinary 
claims made as to their nutritive value. As a 
matter of fact they contain in general about one- 
twentieth the nutrition of skimmed milk and their 
only virtue lies in providing a warm, harmless 
beverage and restricting the use of the caffein- 
bearing drinks. A true " decaffeinated " coffee 
would practically serve this purpose at the same 
time providing a better flavored product. 

So-called instantaneous coffees, under whatever 
branding are made from an aqueous extract of 
coffee, evaporated to dryness, at a low tempera- 
ture, usually by aid of a vacuum, preserving as far 
as possible the aromatic constituents of the ex- 
tract. There is no method of drying, however, 
which can preserve all of the volatile flavors and 
qualities of coffee. The instantaneous coffees 
must, therefore, of necessity lack some of the de- 
liciousness of the freshly made beverage. The 
claims which are made for them in regard to in- 
creased wholesomeness, lower content of caffein or 
tannic acid, are not borne out by the analytical 
data. These coffees are most convenient for 
campers and on all occasions when the quick 



BEVERAGES 13 



preparation of the beverage is desirable. This 
appears to me to be their sole useful role. 

TESTED COFFEES, AND COFFEE 
SUBSTITUTES 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Arbuckle Brothers, New York. 

(N) Ariosa Coffee. (Good quality for price; state- 
ments on label mildly extravagant; coated with 
sugar and egg.) 

* Yuban, The Arbuckle Guest Coffee. (A good 

blend.) 

Aroma Coffee Company, Duluth, Minnesota. 

(N) Caldwell's Electric Cut, not ground coffee. 
(Claims on label extravagant as to removal of 
tannin, quality, etc.) 

Baker Importing Company, 109 Hudson Street, New 
York, N. Y. 

* Bakerized Steel Cut Coffee. (Claims for special 

process slightly exaggerated; evenly ground and 
clean, but no marked effect on composition de- 
termined.) 
Bismark Grocery Company, Bismark, North Dakota. 

* Yours Truly Coffee. 

Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee Company, St. Louis, 
Missouri. 



14 1001 TESTS 



* Coffee. (Extravagant quality claims — "Univer- 

sally known as the test coffee on the market.") 
^ Fairy Cup Instant Coffee. 
Blendo Food Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

(D) Blendo. (Absurd claims as to nutritive valAie 
and "superior to coffee" flavor; a mixture of 
roasted peas, rye and barley.) 
Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. 
(N) Borden's Condensed Coffee. (A very small 
amount of coffee with sugar and condensed 
milk sold for 31 cents for 15% ounces. 
Slightly short weight on samples tested.) 

Chase and Sanborn, Boston, Mass. 

* Seal Brand Coffee. 

Clark, Coggins and Johnson Company, Boston, Mass. 
(N) Puri-tan-ated Brand Coffee. ("Nourishing" 
claims extravagant, claims for effect of special 
process in removing tannin, etc., unwarranted.) 

Climax Coffee Company, Chicago, Illinois. 

* Mrs. Rorer's Brand Own Blend Coffee. (Extreme 

claims as to keeping qualities.) 
Crosse and Blackwell, London and New York. 

(N) Pure Essence of Coffee. (Extractives rather low, 
hardly a true "essence.") 

Dwinell- Wright Company, Boston, Mass. — Chicago, 111. 

* White House Brand Coffee. 

Fischer, B., and Company, New York. 

* Hotel Astor Coffee. 



BEVERAGES 15 

Githens, Rexsamer and Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* The "400" Blend Roasted Coffee. 

G. Washington Coffee Sales Company, New York, N. Y. 
(N) G. Washington Prepared Coffee. (A good in- 
stantaneous coffee; claims as to harmlessness, 
etc., much exaggerated as most of the caffein 
remains. "Drink all the coffee you want" dan- 
gerous and misleading advice.) 

Harris, W. B., Company, New York City. 

* Royal Stag Coffee. 

Kellogg Food Company, Battle Creek, Mich. 

(N) Kellogg 's Cereal Beverage, Minute Brew. 
{Boasted, pulverized grain, no more "health- 
ful" than other cereal coffees.) 
Kneipp Malt Food Company, Mantowoe, Wisconsin. 
(N) Kneipp Malt, (A Coffee Substitute) . {Claimed to 
be a roasted malt; so burned that malting can 
not be confirmed. Flavored with an extract from 
the leaves and pericarp of the coffee plant.) 

Levering Coffee Company, The, Baltimore, Md. 

* Tourist Coffee. 

Lockyer and Company, Chicago, 111. 

* Extra Fancy B. Coffee. 

* Extra Fancy C. Coffee. 

Merck and Company, New York, (Distributors). 

* Dekofa. {A true decaffeinated coffee, containing 



16 1001 TESTS 



only 0.15 per cent, of caffein, which is as near 
complete removal as can be attained.) 

Panama Banana Fruit Company, New York. 

(N) Banan-Nutro. (A product made from ground 
roasted bananas. Exaggerated claims as to nu- 
tritive value. Not a "king of substitutes for 
coffee' f in so far as flavor is concerned.) 

Porto Rico Trading Company, Inc., 127 Franklin 
Street, New York, N. Y. 

* Queen Isabella Porto Rico Coffee. 
Postum Cereal Company. 

(N) Instant Postum. (Boasted cereals with an excess 
of mineral ingredients, source unknown: harm- 
less, but claims much exaggerated.) 

(N) Postum Cereal. (Sam,e.) 
Potter and Wrightington, Boston, Mass. 

(D) Old Grist Mill. A substitute for coffee. (Con- 
tains wheat, peas, and dandelion, and some cof- 
fee, objectionable in a "coffee substitute," 
claims as to aiding digestion, preserving com- 
plexion, etc., misleading.) 

Quinby, W. S., Company, Boston, Mass. 

* La Touraine, The perfect coffee. ("Perfection" 

exaggerated!) 

Sprague, Warner and Company, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Richlieu Brand Hans Evers Process Vacuum 
Treated Coffee. (Claims as to removal of 



BEVERAGES 17 

harmful products by vacuum process not sub- 
stantiated; caffein still present.) 

TESTED TEAS 

Asiatic Products Company, San Francisco, California. 

* Dalmoy Blend Tea. 

it London Blend Brand Tea. 

* Sa-Sa-Ma Brand Tea. 

Berndt and Company, Baltimore, Md. 

(D) Juno Mate Paraguayan Tea (Ilex Paraguayensis) . 
(Contains as much caffein as coffee and still 
most extravagant claims are made as to health- 
fulness, food value, freedom from bad after ef- 
fects, etc. Product unobjectionable but no 
ground found for such claims.) 

Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee Company, St. Louis, 
Missouri. 

* Magic Cup Soluble Tea. 

Dwinell- Wright Company, Boston, Mass. — Chicago, 111. 

* White House Brand Orange Pekoe Tea. 

Fischer, B., and Company. 

* Hotel Astor Tea. 

Gillet, Martin and Company, Baltimore, Md. 

(N) House of Lords, Ceylon Tea. {A heavy, liquor- 
ing tea; not well cleaned.) 

* Standard HE-NO Tea. {A good grade of green 

iea.\ ~\ 



18 1001 TESTS 



Harris, W. B., and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Koyal Stag Tea. (Good for price; 36 cents a 

pound, not highest quality.) 

Lipton, London and New York. 

* Lipton 's Tea — Extra Choice Blend of Ceylon and 

India Tea — Black. 
-k Lipton 's Extra Choicest Blend of Ceylon and In- 
dia Tea, — Black, blend A. 

* Lipton 's Ceylon and India Tea — Black, blend B. 

Quinby, W. S., Company, Boston, and Chicago, 111. 

* Golden Dome Orange Pekoe Ceylon Tea. (A sixty 

cent tea, good flavor but not exceptional; sold 
in bulk to retailers and branded bags furnished 
for sales to consumer.) 

Salada Tea Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Salada Tea. 

* Salada Ceylon and India Tea. 

Tetley, Joseph, and Company, London, Eng. 

* Tetley 's Tea, Black, India and Ceylon. 

Victoria Tea Company, Chicago, 111. 

* "My Own" blend Tea— Blend No. I. 

* "My Own" blend Tea— Blend No. 2. 

Yours Truly Company, Chicago, 111. 

* Yours Truly Tea. (A 40 cent tea — good quality 

for the price.) 



SOFT DRINKS, TONICS, AND MEDICATED 
BEVERAGES 

While the miscellaneous bottled soft drinks on 
the market with the exception of those bearing 
habit-forming drags, such as Coca Cola (caffein), 
cannot be said to be absolutely injurious, they rep- 
resent to my mind second grade products of a mis- 
cellaneous composition which does not recommend 
them for consumption by the young or for a place 
in a list of high grade products. Many of the 
most highly prized remedies are of vegetable origin 
and almost every root, herb, or extract, found in 
these so-called soft drinks is described as a drug 
in the pharmacopoeia, the official standard of 
drugs. If these bodies have the remedial values 
assigned to them they should not be given pro- 
miscuously to healthy people. Why give your 
child an extract of barks and roots colored with 
caramel, many of them having medicinal proper- 
ties, or a ginger ale, owing its pungency chiefly to 
capsicum, or a sarsaparilla, which has never seen 
sarsaparilla, but is made from wintergreen, and 
sassafras, and colored with caramel, when you 
can always obtain good grape juice, true ginger 

19 



20 1001 TESTS 



ales, and pure fruit juices obtained direct from the 
lime, the berry, the orange or lemon? 

The question of the presence of alcohol in grape 
juices has recently been raised. There is never 
more than a trace of alcohol present, and this only 
takes place when the grapes have been held over 
after crushing during the warm season, Under 
such conditions a slight fermentation might take 
place producing minute amounts of alcohol. 
This point seems negligible and certainly could not 
be used to furnish a foundation for the addition of 
sugar to grape juices, since this practice makes it 
possible to use inferior and half-ripened grapes 
and supply artificial sweetness by adding sugar, 
giving a product which does not compare with that 
prepared from properly ripened grapes alone. 

None of the soft drinks given in the disapproved 
class is especially injurious except as intimated 
above, nor do they contain preservatives, sac- 
charin, or dangerous coloring materials as is 
sometimes the case. It is merely that they fail in 
quality and are for that reason disapproved as 
not belonging in a list of high grade products, or 
are of secret composition and as such unworthy of 
patronage. Some of the manufacturers have un- 
doubtedly made efforts to improve their product 
and moderate their claims especially of late years. 



BEVERAGES 21 

Upon the whole the " habit of drinking," even of a 
preparation of roots and herbs, is not one to be 
generally commended. At least every parent hav- 
ing at heart the welfare of his child is entitled to 
know what that child drinks when he patronizes 
the soda fountain or the bottled beverages. 

TESTED SOFT DRINKS, TONICS AND MEDI- 
CATED BEVERAGES 

Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association, St. Louis, Mo. 

* Malt Nutrine. (General claims as to tonic and 

flesh forming results permissible. Statement 
that it is non-intoxicating is modified by the 
declaration of the presence of 1.9 per cent, of 
alcohol. Is non-intoxicating when taken in 
medicinal doses, as recommended on label.) 

Armour Company, Chicago, Illinois. 

* Grape Juice. 

American Fruit Products Company, Rochester, N. Y. 

* Duffy's Apple 'Juice. 

Brooke, C. M., and Sons, New York and Melbourne. 
(D) Lemos, Brooke's. (Apparently a mixture of lime 
and lemon pulp and juice, sweetened, colored 
with Napthol Yellow 8 (a permitted coal tar 
dye) and preserved with 0.10 per cent, of 
benzoate of soda, declared on the label. "Use 
Lemos instead of lemons for all purposes." 



1001 TESTS 



It is not a wholesome equivalent for pure lemon 
juice by any means.) 

Cliquot Club Company, Millis, Mass. 

(N) Celebrated Cliquot Club Extra Dry Ginger Ale. 
{Found little or no ginger resins and hut little 
ginger oil. Owes pungency mainly to capsicum, 
which is declared on label as follows: "This 
bottle contains a minute amount of capsicum to 
give increased pungency.") 

Coca Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia. 

(D) Coca Cola, Bottled. {A beverage sold as a soft 
drink containing a habit forming alkaloid, caf- 
fein, not declared in any way and which may 
prove injurious to health; contains also a little 
phosphoric acid, about 9 per cent, of sugar, and 
is colored with caramel.) 

Coleman and Company, Ltd., Norwich, Eng. 

(D) Wincarnis. (A sweet red wine containing malt 
extract and extract of beef. The latter has 
practically no food value; contains 18 per cent, 
of alcohol, and the claims that it is "a nerve 
food without an equal" and "a powerful restor- 
ative and vitalizer" and "a liquid food" are 
not permissible, as it is merely a mild stimu- 
lant and tonic, has practically no nutri- 
tive value and is not a "nerve food" at 
all.) 



BEVERAGES 23 



Evans' Sons, Lescher and Webb, Ltd., London and 
Liverpool. 
* The Montserrat Lime-Fruit Juice. 

Golden Gate Fruit Company, San Gabriel and New 
York, N. Y. 
(D) Orange Ade. (Citric acid substituted in whole 
or in part for orange juice, artificially colored 
with a coal tar dye and preserved with sodium 
benzoate. Notice of judgment 2864.) 

Hawaiian Pineapple Products Company, Honolulu. 
ic Dole's Pure Hawaiian Pineapple Juice. 

Hires, Charles E., Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

(N) Hire's Household Extract. (Is true to label be- 
ing made from a mixture of many different 
barks and roots, such as juniper, pipsisewa, 
spikenard, etc. Not deemed of a composition 
suitable for children's use. May have medicinal 
effect.) 

Hoff, Johann, agent, Eisner Mendelson Company, New 
York, N. Y. 
(D) Johann Hoff's Extract. (A malt extract con- 
taining nearly 5 per cent, of alcohol, more than 
many beers, with 92 per cent, of volatile mat- 
ter, mostly water, and only 8 per cent, of nu- 
tritive solids. Claims that it is " recognized by 
the mectical faculty as an ideal food," and that 
it is an "active remedy for coughs, colds, sore 
throat, bronchitis, etc.," are not warranted in 
any way.) 



1001 TESTS 



Hygeia Distilled Water Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Hywaco Ginger Ale. 

* Lemon Soda. 

(D) Hywaco Sarsaparilla. (Sweetened water, fla- 
vored with sassafras and wintergreen. Not 
true to label as it contains no sarsaparilla. An 
accepted commercial misbranding. All sarsa- 
parillas are of this type.) 

Moxie Company, Boston and New York. 

(D) Moxie. (Contains a little oil of sassafras and 
wintergreen, caramel, sugar and a trace of ex- 
tractives from peruvian bark. Former extrav- 
agant tonic claims have been modified but are 
still far too strong. Harmless but of secret 
composition.) 

O. T. Limited, London, Blaekfriars, S. E., Sydney and 
Melbourne, Australia. 
(D) 0. T. A delicious Drink, — A Tonic. A Diges- 
tive. (Extravagant tonic and digestive claims 
for a product containing capsicum, caramel and 
r.) 



Pepper, Dr., Company, Waco, Texas. 

(D) Dr. Pepper (King of Beverages). (Makes spe- 
cial merit of being free from caffein, and co- 
cain. Contains benzaldehyde and caramel col- 
oring, with raspberry flavor and a trace of citric 
and phosphoric acid.) 



BEVERAGES 25 



Pierce, S. S., Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Tally-Ho Ginger Ale. 

(D) Tally-Ho Sarsaparilla. (See Hygeia Distilled 
Water Company, N. Y., Hywaco Sarsaparilla 
for comments.) 
Puritan Fruit Products Company, Fredonia, N. Y. 

(N) Bed Wing Grape Juice. (Two per cent, or less 
of sugar added declared on label; should be 
called a "sweetened grape juice"; addition of 
dubious necessity or desirability.) 

Rose, L., and Company, Ltd., London. 

* Rose's Pure West Indian Lime Juice unsweetened. 
Ross, W. A., and Sons, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. 

* Ross's Royal Ginger Ale. 

Schuyler, A. C, 333 West 36th Street, New York. 

* Delatour Ginger Ale. 

Sheboygan Mineral Water Company, Sheboygan, Wis. 

* Aromatic Ginger Ale. (Not "chief of them 

all") 
Standard Bottling and Extract Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Standard Ginger Ale. 

Welch Grape Juice Company, Westfield, N. Y. 

* Grape Juice. 

Wyeth, John, and Brother, Philadelphia, Pa. 

(N) Liquid Malt Extract. (Alcohol slightly too high 
(2.53 per cent.), as much as a light beer. Con- 



1001 TESTS 



tains, however, 14 per cent, of solids and the 
claims are only slightly exaggerated. Its spe- 
cial adaptability for nursing mothers and con- 
sumptives is over stated.) 



m 

BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. 

THEEE is but little criticism to be made con- 
cerning the package " crackers,' ' cakes, bis- 
cuits, etc. Usually no great nutritive claims are 
made. In some cases extravagant claims are made 
for bran, and whole wbeat products. These are of 
value in preventing constipation, and are of maxi- 
mum nutritive value, when true to name. Too 
often, however, the products are bolted and the 
analysis does not justify the claim that the whole 
wheat, including the bran, was used. This is the 
case with the Educator products, which not only 
show by their nitrogen and ash content that they 
are not made of true whole wheat, but rather ex- 
travagant claims are made for their efficiency. 
The simple patent flour biscuit of the Loose- Wiles 
Company is a perfectly good biscuit, but when they 
claim that it " contains all the nutriment of the 
grain" and "is different from all other soda crack- 
ers,'' etc., the labeling is plainly misleading. 
One other product is open to special criticism, 

namely, the rusks and biscuits of the Jireh Dia- 

m 



28 1001 TESTS 



betic Food Company, which claim to "cure consti- 
pation/ ' "provide an anti-acid diet," and to be 
"especially suitable for diabetics," when they con- 
tain about 47 per cent, of starch, or more, the 
"special treatment" being of dubious value. 
Such claims in combination with the misleading 
word "diatetic" garbled from the two words 
"dietetic" and "diabetic" cannot be considered 
frank, honest, and instructive labeling, and would 
of necessity mislead the average layman. 

The main objection to this class of products, if 
such it be, is that the consumer pays a high price 
for the sanitary package. Any one who remem- 
bers the pound of soda biscuits bought in bulk 
knows that he is getting much less, due allowance 
being made for breakage, when he buys the dozen 
or so prettily packed cakes or crackers in a neat 
box. The public seems to demand such goods, 
however, and except on the score of economy, a 
factor in the problem which we are considering in 
this instance only in extreme cases, the output is 
commendable. 

TESTED BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 



BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. 29 

Edwards, Elinor E., East Orange, N. J. 

(N) Edwards' Bran Cookies. (Analysis indicates a 
bran flour rather than pure bran. Claims for 
efficiency as a nutritive laxative largely justi- 
fiable.) 

Holland Rusk Company, Holland, Michigan. 

(N) Holland Rusk. (Label misleading as to origin. 
Not the original "Holland Rusk"; made in 
Holland, Mich. Not the "most practical and 
economical food known.") 

Ivins', J. S., Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Ivins' Bonnie Wafers. 

* Ivins' Lunch-on-Thin. 

Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y. 

(D) Jireh Diatetic Rusks. (A good rusk, high in ni- 
trogen and mineral ingredients, but not "a cure 
for constipation" and not especially adapted 
for diabetics as claimed.) 

(D) Jireh Diatetic Biscuits. (Most extravagant, in- 
defensible, medicinal claims; contains about 65 
per cent, of starch and statement is made that 
it is "a food remedy for diabetes, indigestion, 
insomnia, rheumatism, bright 's disease, and all 
forms of nervous and gastric derangement.") 
Johnson Educator Food Co., Boston, Mass. 

(N) Educator Gluten Cookies. (Contain somewhat 
less protein than should be found in a standard 
gluten flour. Following claims not entirely 



30 1001 TESTS 



warranted: "Unequaled for those who are re- 
stricted to a gluten diet" . . . "It contains a 
minimum of starch and a high proteid con- 
tent.") 
*k Educator Graham Crackers. Unsweetened. 

(N) Educator Oatmeal Crackers. (Nitrogen and min- 
eral ingredients both lower than in average 
hulled oats. Claim "Combines wheat phos- 
phates and oat nitrates," meaningless.) 

(N) Educator Toasterettes. (Weight understated; 
formerly 11 to 14 ounces was claimed,; now only 
9 ounces are claimed. Hardly a satisfactory 
way from the consumer's point of view of cor- 
recting short weight. Nitrogen and mineral 
ingredients both too low for a true "entire 
wheat" cracker.) 

(N) Educator Wafers. (Weight claim lowered to 8 
ounces so that they now run over weight, 
though were formerly short. Analysis does not 
indicate a true whole wheat product. Nitro- 
gen content is fairly good but the mineral in- 
gredients are low, indicating that bran has been 
removed. These products are good but claims 
are unwarranted and the price per pound is 
high.) 

Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company, 666 Causeway Street, 
Boston, Mass. 

* Pakatin-Biscuit. 

* Sunshine Assorted Biscuits. 



BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. 31 

* Sunshine Citrus Biscuits. 

* Sunshine Clover Leaves — A Sugar wafer confec- 

tion. 

* Sunshine Dessert Wafers. 

* Sunshine Graham Crackers. (Contain about 20 

per cent, of sugar, not declared; should be 
called "Sweetened Graham Crackers.") 

"k Sunshine Philopena Sugar Almond. 

it Sunshine Petite Beurre Biscuits. 

* Sunshine Tan San Sugar Wafers. 

* Sunshine Veroniques. 

(N) Takoma Biscuit. (A patent flour biscuit of usual 
composition, contains no more mineral ingredi- 
ents than the regulation patent flour and stUl 
makes the following extravagant claims: "con- 
taining all the nutriment in the grain; en- 
tirely different from all other soda crackers; 
easily digested; very nourishing.") 

* Vienna Sugar Fingers. (Why Vienna?) 

National Biscuit Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Adora. 

* Arrowroot Biscuit. 

* Baronet Biscuit. 

* Cheese Sandwich. 

* Chocolate Tokens. 
it Chocolate Wafers. 

* Epic Wafers. 

* Festino Almonds. 

* Fig Newtons. 



32 1001 TESTS 


* Frotana — The Fruit Biscuit. 




* Graham Crackers. (Contain about 17 per 


cent, of 


sugar, not declared; should be called ' 


"Sweet- 


ened Graham Crackers/ 7 ) 




* Lemon Snaps. 




* Nabisco. 




* Old Time Sugar Cookies. 




* Royal Lunch. 




* Saltine Biscuit. 




* Social Tea Biscuit. 




* Sponge Lady Fingers. 




* Uneeda Biscuit. 




* Vanilla Wafers. 




* Water Thin Biscuit. 




* Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps. 





Remmers, B., and Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Gluten Bread, Diabetiker loaves. (Leavened with 
hydrogen peroxide but none found in the fin- 
ished loaf; carbohydrates reduced to from 10 to 
15 per cent.) 



IV 
CANDIES 

THE principal adulterants to be feared in con- 
fections have been sulphites, used especially 
in bleaching molasses, saccharin used to replace 
sugar, metallic substances and shellac containing 
arsenic, used in coating and giving a gloss, 
especially to the cheap, penny candies sold to chil- 
dren, artificial, poisonous colors, and the substitu- 
tion of the cheap glucose made from starch, for 
the true sugar (sucrose) of which candies are sup- 
posed to be made. Glucose may be used almost 
entirely to supplant sugar, in the case of low grade 
candies, in which case it is a cheapener (whatever 
may be thought of its wholesomeness and rela- 
tive digestibility, especially for children), as the 
price is much less than that of sugar. Moreover, 
the child will eat more of confections made of glu- 
cose, as they are less sweet and this again I con- 
sider undesirable. The glucose may be used hon- 
estly in small amounts to give certain physical 
characteristics, especially in such candies as 
nougatines, caramels, etc. If used in quantities 
not exceeding 10 to 15 per cent, its presence has 



34 1001 TESTS 



been disregarded, it being considered that it was 
employed in sncb cases without fraudulent intent. 
In my opinion, however, glucose when present in a 
candy should be declared on the label and I hope 
to see the day when it will be replaced by invert 
sugar, both in the interests of dietetics and hon- 
esty. Sugar is more apt to crystallize and to melt 
than is glucose, which is more than one-half dextrin 
(a non-sugar) and it is for this physical effect that 
the candy-makers desire to use it. If manufac- 
turers would plainly label all mixed products with 
the percentage of glucose present the popular 
prejudice against glucose based on its extensive 
and continued use under no name, or one that 
gives no index to its nature, or a misleading name, 
would soon disappear. 

Personally, I believe that candies should be 
given very sparingly to children, because of the 
tendency to decrease and debase the natural ap- 
petite, creating a longing for only sweet foods, 
which increase the danger of digestive disturb- 
ances. For hard working men and women, can- 
dies when properly used, offer a valuable addition 
to the diet. Cake, milk chocolates, plain taffy and 
mints, the hard candies like stick candy, if made 
from pure sugar, and fruit flavors, and free from 
artificial coloring, are probably as healthy and 



CANDIES 35 



nutritious as any sweets that can be used, espe- 
cially for the little folks. We are writing for the 
present as well as for the future. We realize that 
candies will continue to be used in large quantities 
for children in spite of the sound dietetic objec- 
tions to this practice. Our present purpose, there- 
fore, is to emphasize the importance of the use 
of pure constituents, pure sugar and honey, in- 
vert sugar, natural coloring matters of vegetable 
origin, caramel (burnt sugar), natural flavors de- 
rived chiefly from fruits, clean milk, and pure 
chocolate all manufactured in the most sanitary 
manner. Too long keeping should also be avoided, 
dust proof containers employed and the products 
handled in the most cleanly and hygienic manner 
possible. 

TESTED CANDIES 

{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Aromint Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

* Aromints. 

Belle Mead Sweets, Trenton, N. J. 

* Belle Mead Sweets Chocolate Coated Caramels. 

* Old Fashioned Chocolate Coated Vanilla Whipped 

Creams. 



36 1001 TESTS 



Bishop and Company, Los Angeles, California. 

(N) Calarab Candy Figs. (50 per cent, sugar and 
nearly 17 per cent, glucose.) 
Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Milk Chocolate. 

Foss, H. D., and Company, Boston, Mass. 
(N) Caramels. (33 per cent, of glucose.) 

* Chocolate Peppermints. 

* Pony Sticks. 

(N) Quality Liquid Cream Cherries. (Cherries col- 
ored with erythrosine, a permitted coal tar 
dye.) 

Heide, Henry, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Fine Marshmallows. (20 per cent, glucose.) 
Heller-Barnham Company, Hopewell, N. J. 

(N) Hopewell Dainties. (20 per cent, glucose in 
cream fillings; 12 oz. sold for 1 lb. (80 cents) ; 
good quality otherwise.) 
Hershey Chocolate Company, Hershey, Pa. 

* Hershey 's Sweet Milk Chocolate. 
Huyler's, New York City. 

* Bonbons. 

(N) Caramels. (24 per cent, glucose.) 
*k Chocolates. 

* Nugatines. 

* Vanilla Sweet Chocolate. 



CANDIES m 



Johnston, Milwaukee, Wis. 

(N) Superfine Caramels. (51 per cent, glucose.) 
(N) Swiss Style Milk Chocolate Creams. (20 per 
cent, glucose.) 

Loose- Wiles Company, Boston, Mass. 

(N) Nobility Chocolates. (25 per cent, of glucose in 
cream filling, price $1.00 a pound.) 
Lowney, Walter M., Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Chocolate Gems. 

* Chocolate Ice Cream Drops. (Why ice cream f 

The cream filling contained 12.5 per cent, of 
glucose.) 

(N) Crest Caramels, Chocolate Covered. (19 per 
cent, of glucose; good quality but glucose con- 
tent slightly high.) 

(N) Crest Nugatines — Chocolate Covered. (18 per 
cent, glucose.) 

Maillard's, New York. 

* Bon Bons. 

(N) Caramels. (Glucose 23 per cent.) 

* Chocolate Creams. 

* Nugatines. 

Manufacturing Company of America, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* U-All-No After Dinner Mint. 
Mayer, Alfred, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Marmay Crimped Chocolates, Nuts and Fruits. 



1001 TESTS 



National Candy Company. 

it Skylark Chocolates, Seventeen Varieties. (11 per 

cent, of glucose.) 
(N) Skylark Milk Chocolate Creams. (16 per cent. 
of glucose.) 
New England Confectionery Company, Boston, Mass. 
(N) Pony Sticks Assorted. Necco Sweets. (30 per 
cent, of glucose; permitted coal tar dyes.) 
Nunnally, Atlanta, Ga. 

it Caracas Chocolate Creams. (10 per cent, glu- 
cose; a 40 cent candy, good quality for price.) 
(N) Chocolate Covered Cordial Cherries. (Cherries 
colored with ponceau, a permitted coal tar 
dye.) 

Park and Tilford, New York, N. Y. 

* Bon Bons. 

(N) Caramels. (22 per cent, of glucose.) 

it Chocolates. 

it Nugatines. 
Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss Chocolates Company, Ful- 
ton, N. Y. 

*k Almond Milk Chocolate. (Disparages competi- 
tor's products in an unwarranted way.) 

* Original Sweet Milk Chocolate. 

* Nestle 's Hazel Nut Sweet Milk Chocolate. 
it Nestle 's Almond Sweet Milk Chocolate. 

Powell's, New York, N. Y. 

1c Kewpie Kandies. (Pure sugar candies, only vege- 
table colors used.) 



CANDIES 39 



Rueckheim Brothers and Eckstein, Chicago, Illinois. 
(N) Angelus Marshmallows, (Contain 36 per cent. 

glucose but more of this ingredient is said to be 

required for marshmallows than for most other 

types of candies.) 
(N) Chocolate Marshmallows, Angelus. (19 per cent. 

of glucose and 54 per cent, of sucrose. Hardly 

"A message of purity," though they are very 

good marshmallows.) 
(N) Nut Cracker Jack, The Famous Confection. (17 

per cent, of glucose.) 

Schrafft's, New York. 

* Bonbons. 

(N) Caramels. (Glucose 28 per cent.) 
*k Chocolate Creams. 

Suchard, Neuchatel, Switzerland, London, Eng. 

*k Chocolate (Chocolat sans sucre). (An unmixed 
chocolate of high grade containing 53 per cent. 
of cocoa fat.) 

United Berne Zurich Chocolat Manufacturing Com- 
panies, Switzerland. 
*k Chocolat Lindt. (A typical sweet chocolate, 
should be so labeled; contains 31 per cent, of 
fat and 47 per cent, of sugar.) 

Wadsworth Chocolate Co., Newark, N. J. 

* ^Wadsworth's Sweets, Mints. 



40 1001 TESTS 



Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Inc., 411-421 Race 
Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Chocolate Elite Cream. (Glucose 12 per cent.) 

* Chocolate Covered Liquid Cherries. 

(N) Super Extra Chocolate Covered Caramels. (Glu- 
cose 20 per cent.) 
Wilbur, H. O., and Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Wilbur's Vanilla Chocolate Buds. (Extravagant 

praise of flavor and general excellence.) 



V 

CANNED GOODS * 

THERE are many popular fallacies and rumors 
afloat regarding this class of food materials. 
The name itself is unfortunate. Canned goods, 
strictly speaking, include foods which are steril- 
ized by heat only and kept in air tight containers, 
whether they be tin cans or glass jars. For this 
reason, only fruits, milks, vegetables, and soups 
with their related products are treated in this 
section. 

Many confuse canned goods with preserves, 
which represent quite a different class of products 
such as jams, jellies, fruit syrups and catsups, all 
of which are combined with sugar and other condi- 
ments or are otherwise compounded. The time 
was when peas were colored with copper, green 
corn was sweetened with saccharin, and preserv- 
atives of various kinds, salicylic, benzoic, sulphur- 
ous acids, and borax were used to aid the keeping 
process. These evil practices have disappeared in 
the case of true canned goods. Benzoate, borax 
and saccharin and copper sulphate are tabooed. 

i For canned and dried fish, and meats, see pages 122 and 150. 

41 



42 1001 TESTS 



The main points to be considered are the quality 
of the raw materials, the sanitary conditions of 
manufacture, full weight and measure, and the 
possible presence of tin, dissolved from the con- 
tainer. On the first two points, chemical analysis 
cannot throw much light. We can only base our 
opinion upon inspection, taste, and general knowl- 
edge of the standing of the firm concerned. 

Net weight will soon be stated on all cans under 
the law, and in this connection a slack fill must also 
be considered, as obviously a can of tomatoes that 
weighs two pounds, but is largely water, is not so 
good as one that is a little under weight, but con- 
tains more solids. Variations in weight will 
occur in the output from the same factory, and 
therefore the examination of a few samples may 
be misleading. We are reporting, therefore, the 
data obtained on the goods examined, for what 
they are worth, and as a general guide to the 
quality of the output of the several manufacturers 
named. Three hundred milligrams of tin per 
kilo (5 grains in 2.2 lbs.) are tolerated by official 
regulation. We have not starred any product 
which contained 200 milligrams or over, and in 
most cases only very small amounts are present. 
Certain vegetables, such as asparagus, act upon 
the container to a greater extent than others and 



CANNED GOODS 



will always be higher in tin. For some vegetables, 
lacquered cans are nsed. Beets, especially, are 
put up in this way; whereas in other cases (beans 
and asparagus), the lacquer seems to affect the 
flavor of the product and cannot so well be used. 

The National Canner's Association has a 
central laboratory, whose work is conducted by 
chemists and bacteriologists formerly connected 
with the Bureau of Chemistry, and every effort 
is making to solve these problems in the canning 
industry as rapidly as possible, with a view es- 
pecially to the elimination of tin salts. Plainly, 
it is with minor evils that we have to do in the can- 
ning trade. 

While I cannot agree with those who hold that 
canned goods are better than fresh, the addition of 
wholesome canned fruits and vegetables to the 
dietary in Winter, and for the use of those who are 
of necessity cut off from a fresh supply, is a 
blessing of incalculable value and only attended 
by a minimum of danger. In my opinion, it would 
be a great step forward if the package should 
carry not only the net weight, but also the date 
of manufacture, so that goods could not be held 
too long on the grocer's shelves. This is es- 
pecially true in the case of condensed milk, and 
such vegetables as asparagus, fish products, ber- 



44 1001 TESTS 



ries, etc., some of which are especially apt to attack 
the inner surface of the container. 

Another difficulty in passing upon the output of 
canned goods is that many of them are put up in 
plain cans and handled by jobbers under their 
own names, so that one cannot be sure that the 
supply of any particular distributor will be uni- 
form. The terms used to express different 
grades of canned goods mean but little to the can- 
ners and less to the consumer. The simplifica- 
tion of the label in this regard, the abandonment 
of such meaningless terms as " Superfine,' ' 
" Extra Quality," " Early June, Extra Sifted," 
etc., and the presence of the date, the name of the 
manufacturer and the true net-weight on each can, 
would be a boon to the housekeeper and enable 
her to buy more intelligently and permit of a 
more accurate estimate of the various grades and 
brands in relation to their price. 

Notwithstanding these criticisms, which are 
largely matters of labeling and distribution, the 
canned goods supply can be given as large a 
measure of approval as could be accorded to any 
single class of food products. Increasing confi- 
dence of the people in the quality of these steri- 
lized products since the great body of manufac- 
turers have become affiliated in a National As- 



CANNED GOODS 45 

sociation pledged to purity, wholesomeness, and 
honesty of its products is strengthening the com- 
mercial side of the canning industry and pro- 
moting the efforts of food officials and hygienists 
who are striving for the highest ideals in food 
production. 

FRUITS (SEE ALSO DRIED FRUITS) 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

TESTED FRUITS 
Boyle, John, Company, Baltimore, Md. 

(N) Strawberries, Victory Brand. (A plain can (not 
lacquered) , artificial color claimed, but none de- 
tected. The proportion of liquid solids was too 
high, though the whole can was over weight.) 

California Fruit Canner's Association, San Francisco, 
Cal. (Packed for Park and TUford, New York 
City.) 

* Apricots, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality. 

* Cherries, Royal Anne, Del Monte Brand, Extra 

Quality. 

* Hawaiian Pineapple, Gold Leaf Extra, Sliced. 

* Logan Berries, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality. 

* Peaches, Lemon Cling, Del Monte Brand, Extra 

Quality. 



46 1001 TESTS 



* Peaches, Yellow Free, Del Monte Brand Extra 

Quality. 

* Pears, Bartlett, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality. 

* Plums, Egg, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality. 

* Plums, Green Gage, Del Monte Brand Extra Qual- 

ity. 
Cobb Preserving Company, Fairport, N. Y. 

"Ar White Cherries, Navy Brand. {Amount of liquid 
slightly high in proportion to the fruit — 50 per 
cent, of each. The can was over weight.) 

Davies, K. M., and Company, Williamson, N. Y. 

*k Red Raspberries, Williamson Brand. (Liquid 
rather high in proportion to fruit (63 per cent, 
of juice), total weight very good.) 

Griffith-Durney Company, San Francisco, Calif. 
*k Apricots, California, Troubadour Brand. 

* Bartlett Pears, California, Troubadour Brand. 

* Cherries, Royal Anne, Troubadour Brand. 

* Plums, Egg, California, Troubadour Brand. 

* Plums, Green Gage, Troubadour Brand. 

Hawaiian Pineapple Company, Honolulu. 

*k Hawaiian Sliced Pineapple, Paradise Island 
Brand. 
Hunt Brothers, Haywood, Cal. 

* Apricots. 

* Bartlett Pears. 

* Cherries, Royal. 

* Peaches. 



CANNED GOODS 47 

Lanning and Son, William, Bridgeton, N. J. 

* Blackberries in Syrup, Silver Lake Brand. 

* Pears, Silver Lake Brand. 

Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Premier Strained Cranberry Sauce. 
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. 

* Bartlett Pears. 

* Extra Lemon Cling Peaches. 

* Sliced Hawaiian Pineapple. 

Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Hawaiian Sliced Pineapples, Fountain Brand, 
Extra. (Unwarranted medicinal claims "spe- 
cially valuable in case of diphtheria, etc. ,f 
Quality good.) 

* Lemon Cling Peaches, Fountain Brand. 



MILK PRODUCTS, INFANT'S FOODS, ETC. 

It often happens that infants are deprived of 
their natural diet, i.e., the milk of a healthy mother. 
There are also sometimes derangements of nutri- 
tion in which case the child does not assimilate 
normal food. To meet these conditions manufac- 
turers and physicians have endeavored to supply 
nutritious substitutes for the child's natural diet. 
It is hardly necessary to say that none of these 
efforts have met with complete success. There 
is no so-called commercial "infant's food," that 
can be recommended for general use. The anx- 
ious mother vainly turns from one vaunted prepa- 
ration to another to avoid diarrhea, or check the 
loss of weight of a wasting child. Most of the 
makers of infant foods recognize the fact that pure 
milk, scientifically modified, is the best substitute 
for mother's milk. The milk of the Holstein cow 
is said to be particularly adapted to infant feed- 
ing, by reason of its relatively lower content of 
fat, and the smaller size of the fat globules, re- 
sembling human milk more nearly in these par- 
ticulars. Goat's milk, unfortunately not utilized 
in this country, is probably better adapted to the 

48 



CANNED GOODS 49 

infant's use than cow's milk, and the animal itself 
is less prone to tuberculosis. 

The wise physician, guided by the principles of 
scientific dietetics, will endeavor by slight modifica- 
tions of pure, clean, fresh milk, from healthy ani- 
mals (usually effected by varying degrees of dilu- 
tion, and the addition of milk sugar and lime water 
and sometimes barley water), to determine the 
diet best suited to the particular case. A large 
percentage of the commercial infants' foods are 
offered, not as complete foods, but as milk modi- 
fiers. One of the virtues urged in their behalf is 
the substitution of sugar and dextrin (made by 
the action of enzymes on starch obtained from 
cereal products) for the natural milk sugar or 
lactose. It is difficult to believe that nature has 
made a mistake in placing lactose instead of su- 
crose, maltose or dextrin, in the milk of the mam- 
mals. That infants often thrive on these substi- 
tute sugars is an evidence of the ability even of 
the babe to tolerate a strange environment rather 
than a proof of the waywardness of nature. It 
is more logical to believe that lactose, the natural 
milk sugar of little sweetness, is not only the nor- 
mal, but also the best carbohydrate for the baby. 

The infant's foods of commerce may be divided 
into the following general classes : 



50 1001 TESTS 



1. Milk products (including condensed milk, 
sweetened or unsweetened, the latter being known 
as " evaporated" milk and dried milks). 

2. Malted cereals. 

3. Mixtures of malted cereals, with milk, im- 
properly called " malted milks/ ' 

4. Mixtures of sugar, malt, dextrose, dextrin, 
eggs, etc. 

The condensed milks are not offered exclusively 
for infant's foods, but for general nutrition, and 
as a food for grown people, for use in coffee, for 
convenience in traveling, camping, etc., and for 
general use when fresh milk is not available or is 
under suspicion, they afford a most valuable sub- 
stitute. Nearly all labels and advertisements, 
however, commend them for infant feeding. 
Sweetened condensed milk, consisting as it does, 
largely of sugar (often over 40 per cent.) should 
never be used for infant feeding. This amount of 
sugar unbalances the ration, increasing enor- 
mously the proportion of carbohydrates and thus 
tends to derange digestion and promote the undue 
formation of fat, mistakenly hailed by the mother 
as an indication of healthy nutrition. Growth, 
firmness of flesh, color and animation are much 
surer signs of successful feeding than is the 



CANNED GOODS 51 

"creased plumpness,' ' so lauded by venders of in- 
fant foods. 

When traveling, or if a pure whole milk cannot 
be secured, or in hot climates where refrigerating 
facilities are limited, the unsweetened condensed 
milk, sometimes called "evaporated milk" may- 
afford the second best choice. By reason of the 
high temperatures required to sterilize and con- 
dense the product, such milk undergoes marked 
changes of character, which many medical authori- 
ties consider affect its nutritive properties for in- 
fants, the mineral ingredients especially being less 
easily assimilated. Though this evidence is ques- 
tioned by some, it is well to be on the safe side, and 
while many infants thrive on a diet of condensed 
milk others so fed have suffered from rickets and 
other diseases of deranged assimilation. 

Condensed milks are properly made from the 
pure, clean, fresh milk of healthy cows. Prac- 
tically much of it is made of milk from very un- 
sanitary cows, and handled in unsanitary dairies. 
There is no reason to believe that the milk in many 
of the dairies is better than some of that sold in its 
natural state. The evaporated product, however, 
has the distinct advantage over ordinary market 
milk, in so far as diseased germs and dirt are con- 



52 1001 TESTS 



cerned, that it is strained and sterilized in the con- 
densaries ; the sweetened product is not sterile. 

According to the official standards, condensed 
milk contains not less than 28 per cent, of solids 
and of these 7.7 per cent, is fat. Subsequent un- 
warranted modification of the standard requires 
that the sum of total solids and fat shall be 34.3 per 
cent., of which 7.8 should be fat. Many of the con- 
densed milks on the market fall even below this. 
While in my opinion the official standards are not 
as high as they should be, having been established 
by act of Congress they can be changed only by 
Congressional direction. But although the stan- 
dards now represent minimum requirements for 
total solids and fat, there has been a long con- 
tinued attempt on the part of many manufacturers 
to have them lowered still further. The claim has 
been persistently mad'e that it was impracticable 
to condense milks to the minimum degree required, 
namely, 28 per cent, of solids, by reason of the 
fact that the organic salts present in milk, mostly 
compounds with citric acid, would crystallize out 
and form a sandy, gritty deposit objectionable to 
the consumer. Also the argument is made that 
when condensed milks are made from whole milk 
containing 4 per cent, of fat (although this is about 
the general average) the required total solids 



CANNED GOODS 53 

should be lower, since it is claimed to be difficult 
to keep the " excessive quantity" of fat from sep- 
arating and forming a kind of thick cream. In my 
opinion both of these contentions are without 
foundation, and this view is borne out by the sam- 
ple of the imported evaporated milk which we have 
examined, which contains about one-fifth more 
total solids and fat than is required by the mini- 
mum standards of this country. If a manufac- 
turer in Switzerland can produce a very satisfac- 
tory product containing over 33 per cent, of solids 
and 9y 2 per cent, of fat, an American manufac- 
turer should not grumble because he is required to 
have 28 per cent, of solids and about 7.7 per cent, 
of fat. Moreover, the physical appearance of the 
imported sample was most excellent, being soft, 
creamy, devoid of grit, and showing no evidences 
of the separation of fat. It is more probable that 
the separation referred to is due to long keeping, 
and not to an excessive condensation. Evap- 
orated milks should be distributed in such a man- 
ner that they will not remain too long upon the 
shelves of the dealers. 

Skimmed milk cannot be advised for infants, 
and evaporated milks, especially milks recom- 
mended for infant feeding, should be held strictly 
up to the standard for total solids and fat. Dried 



54 1001 TESTS 



milk or milk powder differs from condensed milk in 
being almost free from moisture. It has all the 
faults and virtues of condensed milk and may serve 
a most useful purpose when the fresh product can- 
not be obtained. 

When cereals, wheat, rye, barley, etc., are finely 
ground and made into a paste by the admixture of 
water at a high temperature, they are readily acted 
on by malt which renders the starch soluble, chang- 
ing it into sugars (maltose and dextrose), and into 
dextrin. The infant utilizes starch only with diffi- 
culty and this process makes it more easily di- 
gestible. No normal infant at its mother's breast, 
however, requires food of this kind. Nature is 
the safest guide, and if such preparations have any 
value, it is only in abnormal conditions. The use 
of simply modified milk, as previously described, 
up to the sixth month, and the gradual introduction 
of cereal gruels, fruit juices, etc., after that time 
is in general a procedure to be preferred to the use 
of so-called "infants' foods." 

Malted milks represent a large class of mis- 
branded products, consisting really of a certain 
amount of milk mixed with malted cereals, the lat- 
ter usually forming the principal part of the 
product. They are nutritious and convenient 
materials for grown persons, and some invalids, 



CANNED GOODS 55 

but are too high in carbohydrates (starches, and 
sugars) foreign to an infant's natural food to be 
especially adapted to this purpose. Often the per- 
centage of fat is so low as to indicate that even the 
small amount of milk present was skimmed milk. 
Special comment on the samples of these classes 
of infant's foods examined will be found in connec- 
tion with the respective products. 

TESTED MILK PRODUCTS, INFANT'S FOODS, 

ETC. 

{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

American Druggist's Syndicate. 

(D) A. D. S. Malted Milk. (Not a whole milk; only 
1.2 per cent, of fat found. Extravagant claims 
as to quality and being "The best of all foods 
for infants and invalids.") 
American Malted Food Company, Milwaukee, Wis. 

(D) Thompson's Malted Food— Malted Milk. (Too 
low in fat in proportion to protein and lactose 
for a whole milk; indicates skim milk; lactose 
so high as to indicate that it is added as such 
(0.54 per cent, of fat and 20 per cent, of lactose 
found. ) 

(D) Thompson's Malted Beef (Peptone). (Analysis 
practically the same as for malted milk; not 



56 1001 TESTS 



enough beef peptone to give character to the 
product.) 
Aurora Condensed Milk Company, Rotterdam, Holland. 

* Sweetened Condensed milk. (Most excellent 

product, about % higher in milk solids and fat 
than the American output.) 

Benger's Food, Ltd., Manchester, Great Britain. 

(D) Benger's Food. (Chiefly flour, containing a lit- 
tle diastase and sodium bicarbonate; claims for 
digestibility and nutritive value unwarranted. 
Not desirable for infants.) 

Berna Milk Company, Thoune, Switzerland. 

* Condensed Swiss Milk, sweetened with sugar. 

(About Y 5 higher in milk solids and fat than 
the American samples. Claim "Absolutely 
Pure" and directions for infant feeding, ob- 
jectionable, but product is not especially rec- 
ommended for this purpose.) 
Bernese Alps Milk Company, Switzerland. 

* Evaporated unsweetened Swiss milk. (A most 

excellent product, fully % higher in solids and 
fat than our best American products. Claim 
"Can be used as an excellent cream" objection- 
able, as it has only half the butter fat of a true 
cream.) 
Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. 
(N) Condensed Milk, The Gail Borden Eagle Brand. 
(A most excellent sweetened milk for general 
use; not starred solely because of extravagant 



CANNED GOODS 57 

claims for its special suitability for infants' 
feeding, for which use it is deemed most ob- 
jectionable, as it contains over 40 per cent, of 
sucrose, an element not found at all in the in- 
fants 9 normal food.) 

* Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless (pound cans). 
(N) Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless (six ounce 

can). (The large cans were of excellent com- 
position, but two samples of the small cans, 
same brand, were low both in solids and fat. 
May have been accidental.) 

* Evaporated Milk, Unsweetened, St. Charles Brand. 

* Malted Milk, Borden's. (A whole milk mixed 

with malted cereals; an excellent and nutritious 
food for admits but not suitable for infant feed- 
ing in general as claimed, and not approved 
for this purpose. Much less objectionable than 
the sweetened condensed milk for this pur- 
pose.) 

Denmark Condensed Milk Company, Denmark, "Wis. 
(N) Danish Prize Evaporated Milk. (Not sufficiently 
condensed. Exaggerated claims made for qual- 
ity. It is not the "leading brand of the 
world.") 

Helvetia Milk Condensing Company, Highland, 111. 

* Our Pet Brand Unsweetened, Sterilized, Evapo- 

rated Milk. 



58 1001 TESTS 



Hires Condensed Milk Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 
(N) Hires Condensed Milk. (Milk sufficiently con- 
densed, but either a product low in fat was used 
or it was partly skimmed; should be labeled 
"Sweetened," contains about 45 per cent, of 
sugar.) 

Horlick's Malted Milk Company, Racine, Wis. 

* Horlick's Malted Milk. (See Borden's.) 

Imperial Granum Company, New Haven, Connecticut. 
(D) Imperial Granum — The Great Prepared Food. 
(Practically a partially roasted flour. Exag- 
gerated claims as to its value as a food for in- 
fants and invalids. Especially does it contain 
too much starch for an infant's food.) 

Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, Illinois. 

* Condensed Milk, Sweetened. (Contains about 44 

per cent, of sucrose. No reference found to in- 
fant feeding.) 
(N) Evaporated Milk, Sterilized, Unsweetened. (A 
good whole milk but condensation not carried 
quite far enough. Six samples averaged 7.7 
per cent, of fat and only about 26 of solids.) 

Mead, Johnson and Company, Jersey City, N. J. 
(N) Mead's Dextri-Maltose — Malt Sugar. (Essen- 
tially a mixture of dextrin and maltose, pre- 
pared by enzymic action, not considered a de- 



CANNED GOODS 59 

sirable substitute for lactose in modifying milk 
for infant feeding in normal conditions.) 

Mellin's Food Company, Boston, Mass. 

(N) Mellin's Food. (A dried malt extract from 
wheat and barley, mostly maltose with some 
dextrin. Superior to some infant's foods, in 
that it does not contain starch, but it is not a 
6 1 true substitute for mother's milk" even when 
combined with milk as recommended.) 

Merrell Soule Company, Syracuse, N. Y. 

(D) Klim. (This is really a dtried skimmed milk for 
cooking purposes, contains only 0.21 per cent. 
of fat, while a similar whole milk preparation 
would contain 30 per cent. This is milk spelled 
backwards in more ways than one; claim "For 
all cooking where milk is needed" not war- 
ranted.) 

Mohawk Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. 
(N) Sweet Clover Brand, Sweetened Condensed Milk. 
(A good product containing standard amounts 
of fat and solids but is nearly half sucrose 
and still claims to be the "most perfect sub- 
stitute for mother's milk," which contains 
none.) 

Nestle, Henri, 99 Chambers Street, New York, N. Y. 
(N) Nestle 's Food. (Contains some starch but has a 
good content of fat, protein and soluble carbo- 
hydrates. Not a "perfect nutriment for in- 
fants" as claimed.) 



60 1001 TESTS 



Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Company, Seattle, Wash. 
(N) Carnation Brand Sterilized Evaporated Milk. 
{Made of whole milk but insufficiently con- 
densed. Is very low in total solids but good fat 
content. Extravagant claims as to quality.) 

Patch, The E. L., Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Patch 's Powdered Sugar of Milk. (A pure lactose 
or milk sugar for modifying the milk for feed- 
ing of infants.) 

Smith, Kline and French, Philadelphia, Pa. 

(D) Eskay's Albumenized Food. (Contains too much 
starch to be used for an infant's food. Claim 
that it is "albumenized," and is the "most nu- 
tritious, most palatable food upon the market/' 
not warranted as protein is low.) 

Van Camp Packing Company, The, Indianapolis, Ind. 
(N) Evaporated Milk, Sterilized, uncolored, unsweet- 
ened. (Not "a perfect food for infants" as 
claimed. Apparently a whole milk but con- 
densation not carried far enough, to give stand- 
ard amount of total solids.) 



SOUPS, EXTRACTS, BOUILLON CUBES, ETC. 

No soups are high in nutritive value as they con- 
tain so large a percentage of water, but they have a 
dietetic value notwithstanding. The soups ap- 
proved by chemical analysis, odor, flavor and con- 
dition of the can gave evidence of having been 
prepared in a sanitary way from good materials, 
but the highest rating was not accorded these 
products because it is impossible to determine defi- 
nitely from such inspection the quality of the raw 
materials used. 

The meat extracts and bouillon cubes have been 
included in connection with the soups, for con- 
venience, though, of course, they are not, strictly 
speaking, canned goods. It cannot be too often 
repeated that neither a meat extract nor a beef 
cube represents concentrated nourishment. On 
the contrary, the bouillon cubes especially contain 
large amounts of salt and the nitrogenous princi- 
ples present are stimulative rather than nutritious. 
For flavoring a cup of hot water, to take the place 
of a clear consomme, or to be used in the kitchen 
for flavoring purposes, they are useful and con- 

61 



62 1001 TESTS 



venient. They should never be depended upon for 
a child's luncheon or for nourishment for an in- 
valid. 

TESTED SOUPS, EXTRACTS, BOUILLON 
CUBES, ETC. 

Armour and Company, Chicago, Illinois. 

* Extract of Beef. 

(N) Bouillon Cubes. (Salt high — 67 per cent., claims 
mildly objectionable, not a "satisfying substi- 
tute for a heavy lunch/' etc.) 

Beardsley's Sons, J. W., New York, N. Y. 

(N) Vegex, A vegetable extract. (A yeast extract of 
good odor and flavor containing 35 per cent, of 
nitrogenous material, not all of which however 
is protein. Value is stimulative rather than 
nutritive, as in all such products. Claim "ex- 
tremely high food value" is therefore mislead- 
ing.) 

Burnham, E. L., Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Clam Bouillon. (Not "highly" concentrated as 

claimed.) 

Campbell, Joseph, Company, Camden, N. 2 f . 

* Condensed Soup, Asparagus. 

* Condensed Soup, Beef. 

* Condensed Soup, Bouillon. 

* Condensed Soup, Celery. 

* Condensed Soup, Chicken. 



CANNED GOODS 63 

* Condensed Soup, Chicken Gumbo. 

* Condensed Soup, Clam Chowder. 

* Condensed Soup, Consomme. 

* Condensed Soup, Julienne. 

* Condensed Soup, Mulligatawny. 

* Campbell's Mock Turtle Soup. 

* Condensed Soup, Mutton Broth. 

* Campbell's Ox Tail Soup. 
it Condensed Soup, Pea. 

* Condensed Soup, Printanier. 

* Condensed Soup, Tomato Okra. 

* Condensed Soup, Tomato. 
ik Condensed Soup, Vegetable. 

* Condensed Soup, Vermicelli. 

Cudahy Packing Company, South Omaha, Nebr. 

(N) Extract of Beef. (Not "the best" though it has 
a good nitrogen content — coagulable nitrogen 
not in extract at all — finished product does not 
({ represent about 45 lbs. of lean meat to 1 pound 
of solid extract," in nutritive value.) 

Franco-American Food Company, Jersey City, N. Y. 

* Clear Oxtail Soup. 

* Puree of Tomato. 

* Clear Vegetable Soup. 

Hoyt, W. M., Company, Chicago, Illinois. 

* Yours Truly Condensed Tomato Soup. 

Knorr, C. H., Germany. 

(N) Barley, Knorr Soup. (Solid soup tablets; con- 



64 1001 TESTS 



venient and wholesome, serving a useful pur- 
pose for campers, etc., but lacking in flavor and 
appetizing odor; bouillon cubes about like Steero 
— no false nutrition claims, statement applies 
to whole output.) 

* Bouillon Consomme. 
(N) Cabbage. 

(N) Egg Quodlibet. 

(N) Green Pea. 

(N) Yellow Pea. 

(N) Mock Turtle. 

(N) Mushroom. 

(N) Mutton Broth. 

(N) Onion. 

(N) Oxtail. 

(N) Petite Marmite. 

(N) Potato. 

(N) Regina. 

(N) Tapioca Julienne. 

(N) Tomato. 

Libby, McNeill and Libby. 

* Concentrated Oxtail Soup. 

* Concentrated Tomato Soup. 

* Concentrated Vegetable Soup. 
Liebig's Extract of Meat Company, London. 

(N) Liebig's Extract of Meat. (An excellent product 
not starred solely because of advertisements 
advocating its addition to milk for children, 



CANNED GOODS 65 

claims as to increasing the assimilation of 
milk, etc., deemed most misleading and undesir- 
able.) 
(N) Liebig Company's OXO Bouillon Cubes. (Cor- 
neille David and Company, Distributors, New 
York, N. Y.) (Claims "strengthening" "a 
meal in a minute," etc., misleading, although 
composition is good for this class of products.) 

National Pure Food Company, 149 Broadway, New 

York, N. Y. 
(N) Puro Soup — Beef. (Powdered — same comment 

as on Knorr's.) 
(N) Puro Soup — Chicken. 
(N) Puro Soup — Green Turtle. 
(N) Puro Soup — Lentil. 
(N) Puro Soup — Vegetable. 

Richardson and Robbins, Dover, Delaware. 

* Chicken Soup. 
Royal Specialty Company. 

* Anker's Bouillon Capsules. 

Schieffelin and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Steero Bouillon Cubes. (Very good composition — 

nutrition claims withdrawn, salt content rela- 
tively moderate and presence declared on 
label.) 



66 1001 TESTS 



TESTED CANNED VEGETABLES 

Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Asparagus, Sun Beam Pure Food, California. 

* Beans, Lima Scottish Chief Green, Extra. 

(N) Beans, Stringless Broadway Brand. (Slack fill, 
11 oz. solids found, 13 called for.) 

* Corn, Kepuhlic Sugar. 

ic Corn, Scottish Chief Sweet. 

* Peas, Scottish Chief Sifted Early June* 

* Peas, Republic Sifted Early June. 

Boyle, John, Company, Baltimore, Md. 

"k Spinach, Victory Brand Early Garden. 
*k Spinach, Glenmore Early Fall. 

* String Beans, Victory Brand. 

* Tomatoes, Glenmore Brand. 
Brakeley, Joseph, Inc., Freehold, N. J. 

* Beans, Lima, Sinclare Brand. 

California Fruit Canners' Association, San Francisco, 
Cal. 

* Asparagus Tips, Del Monte Green. 

* Asparagus, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality Co- 

lossal Green. 
Cresca Company, New York, N. Y. (Packed in France.) 

* Artichokes, Cresca, Whole French Natural. 

* Artichoke Bottoms, Cresca Extra. (Tendency to 

short weight.) 

* Mushrooms, Cresca Stuffed. 

* Mushrooms, Powdered. 



CANNED GOODS 67 

DeGroff, Lewis, and Son, New York, N. Y. 
"k Peas, Health Brand Sifted Early June. 

* Corn, Health Brand Food Products, Sweet. 

* Spinach, Good Honest Brand. 

(N) Stringless Beans, Good Honest Brand. (Slack 
fill — 11 oz. solids, 13 oz. called for.) 

Dunbar, G. W., Sons Company, New Orleans, La. 

* Okra and Tomatoes, Fresh. 

Frederick City Packing Company, Frederick City, Md. 

* Succotash, Pride of the Valley. 

Green Bay Canning Company, Green Bay, Wis. 

(D) Beets, Lazarre Brand Blood Red, Table. {Plain 
can — all beets, should be in enameled container 
— tin content too high though within legal lim- 
its.) 

Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Corn, Milford Brand Extra Standard Tender 

Creamy Sweet. 

Haserot Canneries Company, The, Cleveland, Ohio. 

* Kornlet. 

Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

* Pork and Beans, Oven Baked. (Not enough pork 

to warrant name.) 

* Beans, Baked with Pork and Tomato Sauce. 

* Beans, Baked in Tomato Sauce without Pork. 

* Kidney Beans, Baked. 



68 1001 TESTS 



Illinois Canning Company, The, Hoopeston, 111. 

* Kidney Beans, Joan of Arc. 

Koenig and Schuster, New York, N. Y. 

* Lima Beans, Queen Tiny. 

Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Beans, Nabob Lima. 

* Corn, Premier Brand. 

(N) Peas, Premier Run of the Garden. (Slack fill 
— 49 per cent, liquid, 33 per cent, is a good fill.) 
(N) Spinach. Nabob. (Slack fill — about twice the 
amount of water necessary.) 
Liss, George and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Peas, The Highwood Extra Sifted Early June. 
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. 

* Asparagus, Special Extra. 

* Asparagus, California. 

if Pork and Beans. (Tendency to short weight; too 

little pork to justify name.) 
it Pork and Beans, with Tomato Sauce. (Too little 

pork to justify name.) 

* Sauer Kraut, Hanover Brand. 

Mcllhenny Company, Avery Island, La. 

* Tabasco Brand Whole Okra. 
Middendorf and Rohrs, New York, N. Y. 

* Lima Beans, Fairfield Brand. 

* Lima Beans, Dellford Brand Tiny. 
ir Lima Beans, Nectar Brand Green, 

* Beets, Fairfield Brand. 



CANNED GOODS 69 

Numsen, William and Sons, Inc., Baltimore, Md., and 

Benesso, 111. 
(D) Pumpkin, Clipper Brand. (Tin too high, over 

1000 mg.) 
North Maine Packing Company, Corinna, Maine. 

* Lentils, Royal Brand Finest Quality, Imported, 

in Tomato Sauce. 

Olney, Burt, Canning Company, Oneida, N. Y. 

(N) Beans, Refugee. (Tin too high, though within 
permitted limits; too much water.) 

* Beets, Garden. 

* Corn, Sweet, Baby Kernel. 

* Peas, Burt Olney 's Sifted Early June. 

* Spinach, Garden. 

Phillips Packing Company, Cambridge, Md. 

* Peas, Golden Rule Brand, Early June. 

Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y. 

* Corn, White Rose Brand. 

* Peas, White Rose Brand Sweet Wrinkled. 

* Peas, Savoy Brand. 

* Spinach, White Rose Brand Fancy Cleansed. 

(Tendency to short weight but a good fill.) 
(N) String Beans, Checker Brand. (Slack fillr-11 
oz. of solids found, 13 oz. called for.) 

* Succotash, Warfield Brand. 
Siegel-Cooper Company, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Stringless Beans, Milford Brand. (Slack fill— -11 
oz. found, 13 oz. called for.) 



70 1001 TESTS 



Sills, John S., and Sons, New York, N. Y. 

* Corn, Epicure Sugar. 

(N) Peas, Epicure Early Sifted. (Short weight and 
too much water, 40 per cent., only 33 per cent, 
needed.) 

*k Tomatoes, Liberty Brand. 

Twitchell-Champlin Co., Portland, Maine, and Boston, 
Mass. 
(D) Hatchet Brand Lima Beans. (Stub-label, "Packed 
from dried California lima beans," but picture 
of green pods on label is misleading, and it is 
not permissible to correct a wrong label by a 
sub-label. Should be called "Hatchet Brand, 
Soaked Dried Lima Beans." Wholesome, but 
inferior to green product and it is a question- 
able procedure economically, to can dried 
beans.) 

Van Camp Packing Company, The, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 
*k Hominy, Van Camp's Hulled Corn. 

* Pork and Beans, prepared with tomato sauce. 

(Too little pork.) 

* Pork and Beans, Plain. (Too little pork.) 
Webster, Fred L., Adams, New York. 

tAt Spinach, Webster's Brand Cultivated. 
White, John F., Mt. Morris, N. Y. 

* Sweet Corn, Sweet Violet Brand, Choicest. 
Williams, R. C, and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Corn, Royal Scarlet, Evergreen. 



CANNED GOODS 71 

* Peas, Eoyal Scarlet, Early Sweet. 
it Spinach, Robin Hood Brand. 

(D) String Beans, Economy Brand Eefugee. (Nearly 
y 2 water. Very slack fill.) 

Yours Truly Company, Chicago, 111. 

it Pork and Beans, Yours Truly. (Too little pork.) 



VI 

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 

BREAKFAST FOODS 

MANY are the letters received in regard to the 
cereal breakfast foods, especially for chil- 
dren's use. One mother writes me: "Two small 
youngsters are anxiously awaiting your opinion in 
regard to their favorite shredded wheat, grape 
nuts, and post toasties." With few exceptions, a 
general statement will serve to give the facts in 
regard to all of the leading brands of cereal 
products and breakfast foods sold in packages. 
They are nutritious, cleanly products, contain- 
ing the greater part of the nutriment of the 
grain and in some cases all of it. They are put 
up in a sanitary package and are convenient, 
and afford variety. You do not get anywhere 
near as much nutrition for the same amount 
of money as when you buy the simple grains, such 
as whole wheat, cornmeal, oatmeal, etc., in bulk. 
If you realize this, however, and are willing to pay 
for the convenience and variety, there is no reason 
why they should not be used. The cornmeal and 

79 



CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 73 

oatmeal are somewhat heavy and heating, so that 
unless a person is doing heavy, physical work, it 
might be well to use a less concentrated food. The 
whole wheat and the old fashioned oatmeal and 
cornmeal can never be surpassed or equaled as 
wholesome economic foods, giving the greatest 
amount of nutriment for the smallest amount of 
money. It must be remembered that the amount 
of nutrition present is not the only point involved 
in wholesomeness and the coarser form of the 
natural grains and the presence of bran have a 
beneficial effect upon the bowels as well as furnish- 
ing additional mineral ingredients. 

The processing of foods by "predigesting" and 
grinding, in my opinion, renders them relatively 
less wholesome though not less nutritious, inas- 
much as performing the work of the teeth and the 
digestive organs for them decreases their activity 
and in time affects their functioning if it is car- 
ried too far. Nevertheless, the moderate use of 
the package cereals is an undoubted boon under 
our present conditions of life and they may fill a 
valuable and convenient place in the dietary, if not 
used exclusively. 

The most serious charge to be brought against 
package cereals is the exaggerated claims made 
for their nutritive value. One becomes confused 



74 1001 TESTS 



among so many products, each one of which is "the 
richest in nourishment, ' ' "the most easily di- 
gested, even by chronic invalids,' ' "immediately 
converted into muscle and brain activity," etc., etc. 
Oatmeal is the heaviest of cereals and still so excel- 
lent a brand as Hornby's Steam Cooked Oatmeal 
claims to be "Good for invalids and those with 
weak stomachs," merely because it is thoroughly 
cooked. 

"The road to Wellville" is to be traveled by eat- 
ing Grape Nuts, a meaningless name applied to a 
mixture of cooked barley and wheat. The an- 
alysis of this product shows it to contain a very 
fair amount of protein, about 11 per cent., with an 
equal amount of sugar, and no more mineral in- 
gredients than any wheat and barley mixture 
should have. There are no "brain foods" as 
such. It is a great pity for these products 
to be burdened with such senseless exaggerations 
as to leave the consumer in the dark as to the rela- 
tive merits of different grains and the special con- 
ditions under which they should be used. 

TESTED BREAKFAST FOODS 

{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 



CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 75 

Cream of Wheat Company, Minneapolis, Minn. 

* Cream of Wheat. (Germ and bran of the wheat 

removed, a commendable product, but name 
somewhat misleading.) 

Farwell and Rhines, Watertown, N. Y. 

(N) Barley Crystals. (Name meaningless. The whole 
grains are represented to be irritating and un- 
desirable, giving a false impression.) 
(D) Cresco Grits. (Three packages showed insect in- 
fection. Claims to be "virtually free from 
bran or germ," "the fermenting elements of 
grain/' misleading, as the whole grain is a 
better "waste repairing food.") 

Five Kernels Food Company, The, Detroit, Michigan. 
(N) The Five Food Kernels. (A mixture of different 
grains. Contains less nutriment than a good 
oatmeal, less mineral than a whole wheat. 
Over burdened with such claims as this, "A 
more strengthening food than meat and po- 
tatoes/' etc.) 

H. O. Company, The, Buffalo, N. Y. 

* Hornby's Steam Cooked Oatmeal. 

(N) Force. (Good product; bad claims; not espe- 
cially "good for indigestion"; amount of "bar- 
ley malt" used would not add any notable di- 
gestive properties; "No other cereal is as nu- 
tritious," misleading.) 



76 1001 TESTS 



Hygienic Food Company, Battle Creek, Michigan. 
(N) Mapl-Flake. The Whole Wheat. (Not a true 
whole wheat. Low in nitrogen with an addi- 
tional amount of bran added. Not enough 
maple present to warrant name. A good prod- 
uct over-burdened with claims.) 

Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y. 

(D) Jireh Diatetic Wheat Nuts. (Contains 50 per 
cent, of starch; claims to be a correct diet for 
diabetes, gout, rheumatism, etc., starch too high, 
and statement "proper proportion of carbohy- 
drates" is evasive; amounts should be stated 
for protection of patient. Value of the change 
made in the starch is problematic.) 

Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company, Battle Creek, 
Michigan. 
*k Kellogg 's Toasted Corn Flakes. 

* Toasted Wheat Biscuit. (Claims as to special 

process and retaining all of the vital elements 
of the whole wheat are somewhat overdrawn. 
Probably extra bran added.) 

National Oats Company, St. Louis, Mo. 

* National Oats. (Slightly exaggerated claims as 

to special nutritive value.) 

Postum Cereal Company, Battle Creek, Mich. 

* Post Toasties. 

(N) Grape Nuts. (Claims as to nutritive value ex-. 



CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 77 

aggerated; not a brain or nerve food in any 
special sense, name misleading.) 

Quaker Oats Company, Chicago, 111. 

* Quaker Puffed Wheat. 

(N) Quaker Toasted Corn Flakes. (Good but not the 
whole grain. Claims "We retain all the val- 
uable health and strength giving elements," but 
is largely starchy part of corn; minerals and 
proteins low.) 

* Quaker Puffed Rice. (Slightly exaggerated state- 

ments as to ease of digestion and assimilation. 
Recommended for dyspeptics, delicate children, 
etc.) 
(N) Quaker Rolled White Oats. (Excellent product 
for which impossible claims are made. Is not 
"The best oat meal made." Others are as 
good. Is not "better in quality and flavor than 
any cereal food made.") 

* Fancy Grits, Granulated Hominy. 

Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis, Mo. 

* Ralston Wheat Food. 

Seaboard Rice Milling Company, Galveston, Texas. 

* Cereal, Comet Brand. 
Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y. 

* White Rose Brand Hominy. 

Shredded Wheat Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y. 

* Shredded Wheat. (Truly the whole wheat.) 



78 1001 TESTS 



Tyler, Byron, Kansas City, Missouri. 

(N) Raw Food. (A mixture of ground wheat, ground 
nuts, whole raisins and oU, the latter some- 
what rancid. A product not adapted to gen- 
eral merchandising, and most extravagant 
claims made as to the effects and desirability 
of raw food.) 

Uncle Sam Breakfast Food Company, Omaha, Ne- 
braska. 
(D) Uncle Sam Health Food. (A mixture of flaked 
wheat and ground flaxseed, flavored with salt 
and a trace of celery seed. A harmless and 
nutritious mixture, 19 per cent, fat, and 19 per 
cent, protein, having laxative value, with such 
extravagant claims as" A perfectly balanced ra- 
tion. 99 "Rheumatism also asthma, are re- 
lieved, as well as kidney and bladder disorders." 
"Endorsed by leading physicians everywhere. 9 ' 
"A substitute for meat, ready to eat, 99 etc.) 

United Cereal Mills Ltd., Quincy, 111. 

* Washington Crisps. 

Wheatena Company, The, Rahway, N. J. 

* Wheatena. 

Yours Truly Company, The, Chicago, Illinois. 

* Yours Truly Certified Rolled Oats. 



FLOURS, MEALS, AND BRANS 

The main points to be considered in regard to a 
flour are that it should not be bleached by poison- 
ous chemicals to produce an unnatural whiteness 
(and in attaining this ideal the housekeeper can 
help much by increasing the demand for the 
creamy loaf, instead of the one that is unnaturally 
white) , the presence of the proper amount of nitro- 
gen and mineral ingredients, fair weight and 
agreement with the label. More expensive flours 
such as buckwheat and rye are sometimes adulter- 
ated with others costing less. It is only the patent 
or the white flours, of course, which are bleached. 
In regard to the graham or whole wheat flours, 
there is much confusion and much difficulty in get- 
ting the true article. The trade, almost without 
exception, understands an "entire wheat" flour 
to be a flour between the patent and the graham, 
that is to say, some of the bran has been removed 
and it is more finely ground than the graham but 
coarser than the white. It is an intermediate 
product. Plainly this is an established trade mis- 
nomer, as the flour of the ' ' entire wheat" should be 
just that, the entire wheat unbolted — and should 

79 



80 1001 TESTS 



be the same as a true graham flour. Graham flour 
is not only brown in color, consisting of the whole 
wheat, including the bran with its additional pro- 
tein and mineral ingredients, but it is an unbolted, 
coarsely ground product, which has a health value, 
in its effect upon the intestines apart from the 
question of nutrition. Here we have a funda- 
mental difficulty involving long established trade 
conditions. The flour is separated into many dif- 
ferent portions in the mill and the tendency is to 
reassemble the different products of the mill and 
combine them, giving many different grades of so- 
called graham flour, instead of coarsely grinding 
the unbolted whole grain as should be done. Of 
course, one may artificially make up a graham flour 
that will closely approach the composition of the 
true article, but it is easy to see how many varia- 
tions will occur under these conditions, and too 
often excessive amounts of bran and low grade 
flour are combined to pass as graham or " whole 
wheat." The graham flours which have been 
starred in the following list are of high ash (min- 
eral) and nitrogen content and comply with the 
standard for a true graham. 

The two other classes of products calling for 
comment are the so-called self -rising flours and the 
gluten flours. The self-rising mixtures contain 



CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 81 

large amounts of baking powder, usually, which, in 
my opinion, is objectionable and you pay, of 
course, for the mere convenience of having some 
ona add the baking powder to your flour for you. 
I cannot look with much favor upon these artificial 
mixtures. The claims for them are usually over- 
stated and you pay a large price for the relative 
convenience afforded. They cannot be said to be 
objectionable, however, except on this score and 
the fact of tjie large amount of baking powder 
present. * 

The so-called gluten flours, from which all or a 
large part of the starch is supposed to have been 
removed to fit them especially for diabetics and 
others who cannot readily digest starch, have been 
much abused in labelifig and the buyer has been led 
to believe that the product was virtually free from 
starch, when such is not the case. Labels should 
be carefully read and the amount of starch present 
should be declared on them to protect diabetics and 
those whose starch supply must be carefully con- 
trolled. 

TESTED FLOURS, MEALS, AND BRANS 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 



88 1001 TESTS 



Christian Company, The, New York City. 

(D) Vieno Bran. ("Nature's remedy for constipa- 
tion, stomach and intestinal trouble" mislead- 
ing. In abnormal conditions of stomach and 
intestines it might be irritating. Good for con- 
stipation, but better to take bran as found m 
the whole grain, rather than to use it for meek- 
cation in large quantities.) 

(N) Vieno-Self-Raising Bran Meal. (Not sufficient 
nitrogen and mineral ingredients for a first- 
class bran meal; not enough leavening to be 
called self-raising.) 

Davis Milling Company, St. Joseph, Mo. 

(N) Aunt Jemima's Brand Pancake Flour, Self Ris- 
ing. (Bather extravagant claims and too large 
an amount of baking powder.) 
Duluth Superior Milling Company, Superior, Wis- 
consin. 
* Duluth Imperial Patent Flour. 

Ekenberg Company, Cortland, N. Y. 

(N) Teco Brand Self -Rising Mixture of Buckwheat, 
Wheat and Corn Flour with Malted Butter- 
milk. (Large amount of baking powder pres- 
ent. Claims of superiority and value of malted 
buttermilk present questionable.) 

(N) Teco Brand Self -Rising Pancake Flour, a mix- 
ture of Malted Buttermilk (powdered) with 
wheat and corn flour. (Large amount of bak- 



CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 83 

ing powder present. Amount of malted butter- 
milk small.) 
(N) Teco Brand Buttermilk Boston Brown Bread 
Flour. (Amount of baking powder present 
rather large. Claims as to amount of butter- 
milk present dubious.) 

Farwell and Rhines, Watertown, N. Y. 

* Pure Wheat Product— Cresco Flour. 

* Pure Wheat Product — Gluten Flour. 
Forest Home Farm, Purcellville, Ya. 

* Forest Home Corn Meal. 
Franklin Mills Company, Batavia, N. Y. 

* Franklin Mills Flour. A fine flour, of the entire 

wheat with a part of the bran removed. (Not 
a true graham — a typical commercial "entire 
wheat ff truthfully labeled.) 

Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Fountain Brand Whole Wheat Flour. (A little 

of coarser bran removed as indicated by a 
rather low ash content; nitrogen good — a high 
grade wheat.) 

* Fountain Brand Patent Flour. 

Hecker Cereal Company, New York City. 

* Hecker 's Pure White Wheat Graham Flour. (Ash 

content (mineral ingredients, due to bran) 
good, but nitrogen rather low.) 



84 1001 TESTS 



Hecker- Jones- Jewell, Milling Company. 

(N) Superlative Self -Raising Flour Compound. 
(Slightly short weight; amount of baking pow- 
der rather high, though less than any other 
self-raising flour examined. A good flour of its 
kind.) 

Igleheart Brothers, Evansville, Indiana. 

(N) Swans Down Prepared Cake Flour. (A white 
flour low in nitrogen and gluten and so better 
adapted to cake making than bread making. 
Claims regarding special secret process and 
i( best ingredients of the wheat" not war- 
ranted.) 

* Swans Down Cracked Wheat. 

Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y. 
(D) Jireh Flour. 

(D) Jireh Diatetic Patent Barley. (Claim special 
value for diabetics; 60 per cent, and 67 per 
cent, of starch respectively present; mislead- 
ing and might be dangerous.) 
Johnson Educator Food Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Educator Packed Whole Wheat Flour. (Nitro- 

gen and ash figures are just within minimum 
limits for a true whole wheat. Either a little 
bran removed or the wheat was not so i( high 
grade* ' as claimed.) 

* Educator Packed Cold Ground New Process Rye 

Meal. (A good product but slightly short 
weight.) 



CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 85 

Knox-Crutchfield, Richmond, Va. 

* Pamunkey Mills Old Virginia Cornmeal. 

Northern Light Milling Company, Owatomna, Min- 
nesota. 
(N) Northern Light Brand Compound Self -rising Buck- 
wheat Flour and Wheat Flour. {Large amount 
of phosphate baking powder. Product said to 
be "The best ever used or money refunded") 

Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company, Min- 
neapolis, Minn. 
(N) Ceresota Flour. (A good patent flour, but claims 
that it makes more bread to the barrel and is 
more nutritious than other patent flours, in- 
accurate.) 

Pillsbury Flour Mills Company, Minneapolis, Minn. 

* Pillsbury's Flour Best XXXX. 

Purina Mills, St. Louis, Mo. 

* Purina Whole Wheat Flour. (A commercial, so- 

called "entire wheat" from which the bran has 
been partially removed, as stated on label. 
Not a true graham. A medium flour between 
the patent and the true "whole wheat.") 

Roman Meal Company, Tacoma, U. S. A. 

(D) Roman Meal. (Product consists largely of bran, 
some ground wheat, and probably rye and a 
small quantity of flaxseed; Claims — to "cure 
constipation" and "is the most nourishing food 
sold" as well; to contain "Flaxose, a secret 



86 1001 TESTS 



preparation by which pure ground flax is 
partly digested and deprived entirely of its 
disagreeable odor and taste/' etc. Claims ex- 
travagant, though product is nutritious and 
would tend to prevent constipation.) 

Russell-Miller Company, Minneapolis, Minn. 

(N) Occident Flour. {A first-class patent flour but 
does not make "a better bread than that from 
any other flour" as claimed.) 

Potter and Wrightington, Boston, Mass. 

(D) Old Grist Mill Brand Flour, for health bread. 
{Exaggerated claims: Not a remedy for dys- 
pepsia; apoplexy. Bright' 's disease, etc., not 
due to white bread; contains but little more 
nourishment than the best patent. Lacking in 
the bran necessary to substantiate claims that 
it is a remedy for constipation. Considerable 
insect infection of sample examined.) 

Sands, Taylor and Wood Company, Minnesota. 

(N) King Arthur Flour. {Sample examined was a 
first-class patent flour. Misleadingly branded, 
as this company are Boston jobbers and prod- 
uct appears to be manufactured by them in 
Minnesota.) 
Shane Brothers and Wilson Company. 

* Golden Touch King Midas Flour. {Meaningless 
claim "The highest price flour in America and 



CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 87 

worth all it costs." Has no advantage over 
other standard patents.) 
Siegel-Cooper Company, N. Y. 

* Fountain Graham Flour. 
Southwestern Milling Company, The. 

* Aristos (flour). 

Washburn-Crosby Company, Minneapolis, Minn. 

* Gold Medal Flour. 



RICE 

The great point of interest in regard to rice is 
whether or not it is coated with talc or glucose 
which under the law is a practice that must be de- 
clared on the label, as the coating may conceal in- 
feriority, and the housekeeper should be warned 
to wash such a rice thoroughly. 

Rice may be white, having lost the outer brown- 
ish skin, and yet be uncontaminated with glucose 
and talc, and truthfully labeled as "uneoated, ' ' but 
should not be called "unpolished," as it is not the 
whole rice, the outer brown coat containing ad- 
ditional protein and mineral having been removed 
in the mechanical polishing process. It is claimed 
that beriberi, a very dangerous disease, is pro- 
duced when white rice forms practically the whole 
of the diet, as it does in the Far East. While there 
is no reason to fear this where rice forms only a 
part of the diet and the necessary minerals and 
proteins are obtained from other sources, it shows 
that important food elements are lost in peeling 
the rice and that this practice tends further to 
1 ' demineralize ' ' the food supply. 



CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 89 



TESTED RICES 

Fischer, B., and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Hotel Astor Rice — Invalid's Food. Uncoated. 

(Not a whole rice but a good uncoated product, 
correctly labeled, mineral ingredients 0.37 per 

cent.) 

Carque, Otto, Los Angeles, Cal. 

* Carque 's Natural Whole Rice. (A true brown 

whole rice, 1.25 per cent, of mineral ingred- 
ients.) 

Kimball and Marxsen Rice Products Company, Chi- 
cago, 111. 
(N) White Swan Milk Rice, Granulated. (Some milk 
present but claims "In food value ranks higher 
than any other cereal/' "A perfect food for 
children and for the sick and convalescent, for 
which it has no equal;" "accepted when all 
other foods are rejected," etc., not warranted.) 

Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Natural Brown Rice. (A true whole rice, 1.03 per 

cent, of mineral ingredients.) 

McFadden-Wiess-Kyle Rice Milling Company, Beau- 
mont, Texas. 
(D) Apex Brand, Unpolished. (An "uncoated" rice 
but claims made as to food value and great 
amount of nitrogen not warranted. Not an 



90 1001 TESTS 



"unpeeled" rice; it is polished, containing only 
0.4 per cent, of mineral ingredients.) 

Seaboard Rice Milling Company, Galveston, Texas. 

*k Natural Brown Comet Brand Eice. (A true un- 
polished rice containing a few grains, not of 
the test quality. Extravagant claims formerly 
made with misleading statements as to rice be- 
ing ee the most nutritious and easily digested of 
all cereals/ 9 etc., have been corrected.) 

* Bice, Comet Brand Unkoted. (A polished rice, 
not coated. Excessive claims formerly made as 
to its being richest in elements of food value, 
"nothing added, nothing taken away," "most 
nutritious and easily digested of all cereals, 
etc.," have been withdrawn. Having been pol- 
ished the outer coating had been taken away, as 
shown by the content of mineral ingredients, 
which was only 0.43 per cent., whereas the 
brown rice of the same brand contained 1.22 
per cent, of ash. Two typical products now 
intelligently labeled.) 



SPAGHETTI AND MACARONI 

The wheat products made from the partially 
bolted and finely ground flour of hard glutinous 
wheat, and molded into various shapes, whether 
tubular, flat or cylindrical, are known as macaroni 
and spaghetti accordingly as they are of the larger 
or smaller variety. These products are excellent 
from the viewpoint of nutrition, palatability and 
economy. In some cases the ash (mineral ingredi- 
ents) and nitrogen content indicate that a very 
large portion of the wheat grain has been utilized. 
For health purposes it would be advisable, if tech- 
nically possible, to make macaroni out of the whole 
wheat When combined with tomato and cheese 
the dish is not only more palatable, but the amount 
of nourishment is increased and we have a better 
balanced ration. While the macaroni contains 
considerable protein, it is largely a starchy food 
and the cheese rounds out the ration adding more 
protein and fat, while the tomato gives flavor and 
vegetable acids. There is a rumor going about 
that one should never combine acids with starchy 
food. This is based on the fact that the digestion 
of starch begins in the mouth by the action of the 
saliva but is checked by the presence of the acid. 

91 



92 1001 TESTS 



While this is theoretically true, the extent to which 
starch digestion is suspended in the stomach is 
well known. The work of the saliva begins again 
in the small intestine activated by the pancreatic 
secretion. 

In some cases, eggs are incorporated with the 
wheat flour, which further increases the nutritive 
value of this food. The lecithin of the egg is 
especially important. Efforts to sell lecithin 
products in artificial preparations and as tonics 
are of dubious efficacy and the public will do much 
better to depend upon eggs, whole wheat and nuts 
for their lecithin. Unfortunately some manufac- 
turers simulate the presence of egg by artificial 
color. This practice is wholly disreputable, and 
the misleading use of the word ' ' egg" in the brand 
or name of the product cannot be ethically coun- 
terbalanced by the statement that there is no egg 
present. The claim that egg is used is substanti- 
ated by determining the notable increase in the 
lecithin components of the product. The con- 
sumption of macaronis might well be increased 
with advantage to the consumer from the point of 
view of both nutrition and economy. 



CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 93 



TESTED SPAGHETTI AND MACARONI 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Cleveland Macaroni Company, Cleveland, Ohio. 

(D) Golden Egg Alphabets, contain no egg, (Mis- 
branded, not permissible to misname a product 
and make subsequent correction.) 

(N) Golden Egg Brand Macaroni. Contain no egg. 
(Brand name slightly misleading. Composi- 
tion good — extravagant claims as to supe- 
riority.) 

Foulds Milling Company, Cincinnati and Chicago. 

* Fould's Macaroni. 

* Fould's Spaghetti. 

Freihofer's Vienna Baking Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Freihofer's Egg Macaroni. (Egg present in small 

amount.) 

Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

* Spaghetti — L'ltalienne. (Canned, with tomato 

sauce, ready for eating; contains 82 per cent, of 
moisture.) 

Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Macaroni. (A good macaroni but has 58% of 

starch, not for diabetics, no special claim made 



94 1001 TESTS 



in this regard, though the name of the com- 
pany might be misleading.) 

Maull Brothers, St. Louis, Mo. 

* Faust Brand Spaghetti. 

Mueller, C. F. Company, Jersey City, N. J. 

* Spaghetti. 

Van Camp Packing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

* Spaghetti — Italian Style. (A canned spaghetti, 

contains 76 per cent, of moisture.) 

Woodcock Macaroni Company, Rochester, N. Y. 
(N) "Woodcock Macaroni. (Excessive claims as to spe- 
cial food value etc.; is a very good product 
containing slightly more mineral ingredients 
than is usual.) 

Yours Truly Company, Distributors, Chicago, 111. 

* Yours Truly Macaroni Short Cuts. 

* Yours Truly Spaghetti. 



VII 

CONDIMENTS 

THE spices are examined to determine whether 
they come up to the established standards, 
are true to name, free from starch, hulls or other 
neutral adulterants which detract from the flavor, 
and are full weight. Considerable trouble is ex- 
perienced on the latter score, especially on small 
packages, due in some cases it is said to the dry- 
ing out of the mixture, and it is held that this 
should be allowed for. The loss of weight, how- 
ever, should not always fall upon the consumer, 
even small weight packages should average the 
weight declared on the container, some packages 
running above and some below the required 
amounts. Of the compounded condiments, tomato 
catsup is probably of the most general interest and 
has been the product most adulterated. The use 
of benzoate of soda in these catsups has been 
fiercely contested, but has been abandoned by prac- 
tically all well known manufacturers, with the 
exception of the Curtice Brothers. It has been 
proved that if clean, fresh, raw material is used 

95 



96 1001 TESTS 



and handled quickly in a sanitary way with com- 
plete sterilization there is no danger of spoilage 
and no need of an injurious chemical preservative. 
The chemically preserved products are also of 
lower quality because they can be made to keep 
with less concentration and when you buy a benzo- 
ated catsup you usually buy more water. The 
benzoated samples examined contained from 14 to 
21 per cent, of solids while some of the leading 
brands depending on sterilization and concentra- 
tion only ran as high as 33 to 38 per cent. Watch 
the label and see if benzoate of soda is declared. 

The prepared salad dressings vary greatly in 
character. None of them compares in quality with 
a home-made mayonnaise. They are often thick- 
ened with starch or gum and artificially colored 
with turmeric or a coal tar dye to make up for the 
egg that is not there. Frequently no oil or egg 
at all is to be found. The two samples admitted to 
the star list contained egg and 35 and 50 per cent, 
of oil, were not artificially colored, and did not 
depend upon gum and starch for their thickening. 
They are probably as good products of the kind as 
are to be found. A salad dressing containing 
neither oil nor egg is not considered worthy of the 
name, though it may not be injurious. 

The vinegars reported were tested carefully, to 



CONDIMENTS 97 



determine whether or not they were true to name 
and had the amount of acetic acid required by the 
standard. While the fermented vinegars made 
from cider, apples, wine or grapes are of the 
choicest quality, having a finer flavor, the malt, 
sugar and glucose products or the distilled vine- 
gars made from grains, if they are properly 
labeled and honestly sold, have legitimate uses. 
The housekeeper has a right to vinegar of a certain 
established strength. She can add water herself 
if the product is too acid. There is no reason why 
she should pay the manufacturer for water. A 
diluted acetic acid is not vinegar any more than 
diluted alcohol is wine. The original material 
from which the vinegar is fermented is what gives 
it its distinctive flavor and delicacy. There is no 
reason why the cheaper vinegars, such as spirit, 
distilled or grain vinegar, should not be used for 
pickling and in mixtures, if they are properly 
labeled and sold for a lower price. The artificial 
coloring of colorless vinegars, such as the spirit 
and glucose products, to give them the appearance 
of the cider and wine vinegars, is of course fraud- 
ulent. The housekeeper can do much to protect 
herself by carefully reading the labels and by not 
buying a product that is evasively branded or 
which declares artificial color. 



98 1001 TESTS 



TESTED CONDIMENTS 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Sunbeam Pure Food Tomato Catsup. (No ben- 

zoate, no artificial coloring and contains 30 per 
cent, of solids.) 

Beech-Nut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y. 

* Oscar's Sauce. 

it Tomato Catsup. (25 per cent, of solids.) 
Bell, Wm. G., Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Poultry Seasoning. 

Cdlburn, The A., Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Allspice. 

* Celery Salt. 

* Cinnamon. 

* Cloves. (Above minimum standard.) 
-k Curry Powder. 

* Ginger. 

* Leaf Peppermint Cooking Herbs. 

* Leaf Savory. 

* Leaf Sweet Basil. 

* Leaf Thyme. 

* Mace. 

* Madras Turmeric. 

* Mustard. 



CONDIMENTS 99 

* Nutmeg. {Above minimum standard.) 
1c Paprika. 

* Pepper, Black, Natuna Brand. (Was about 4 per 

cent, above minimum standard.) 

* Pepper, Red. 

* Pepper, White. (Was about 4 per cent, above 

minimum standard.) 

* Onion Salt. 
"A" Pastry Spiee. 

* Sage, Rubbed. 

* Spiced Poultry Seasoning. 

* Sweet Marjoram. 

(A good line of spices complying with the 
standards. Some are slightly above the mini- 
mum standard but the following extravagant 
claims can not be approved: "The standard 
goods of America, guaranteed of the finest qual- 
ity, absolutely pure, and far superior to the 
standard required by law." This criticism 
applies only to large packages; small cartons are 
conservatively labeled.) 

Colman, J. and J., London. 

* Mustard. 

Cresca Company. 

* Vinegar, Pinard Brand, Packed in France, Pure 

Grape Salad, Estragon Flavor. 



100 1001 TESTS 



Crosse and Blackwell, London. 

* Currie Powder, Genuine India — Pure Currie Pow- 

der. 

* Malt Vinegar, Pure. 

* Malt Vinegar Flavored with Tarragon. 
Curtice Brothers Company, Rochester, N. Y. 

(D) Tomato Ketchup. (Preserved with sodium ben- 
zoate and thin as compared with first class cat- 
sups; only 19 per cent, solids.) 

Diamond Crystal Salt Company, St. Clair, Michigan. 

* Shaker Table Salt with 1 per cent, carbonate of 

magnesia. 
Durkee and Company, E. R., New York, N. Y. 

* Salad Dressing and Meat Sauce. (Good quality 

for a commercial salad dressing containing egg 
and oil; not a i( rich mayonnaise 9 ' as claimed.) 

Fischer, B., and Company, New York. 

* Allspice, Strictly Pure. 

* Pepper, White. 

* Sage, Strictly Pure. 
Frear, Fred, New York, N. Y. 

(D) My "Wife's Salad Dressing. (Colored with a per- 
mitted coal tar dye; only 8 per cent, of oil 
present and no egg determinable; harmless but 
not a true salad dressing.) 

Gaidry, Lowell R., New Orleans. 

* Tabasco Pepper Sauce. (A good product; at first 

over-burdened with impossible claims as to di- 



CONDIMENTS 101 

gestive and medicinal value; statements en- 
tirely revised.) 

Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

* Chili Sauce. 

* Tomato Ketchup. (33 per cent, total solids.) 

* Cider Vinegar, Pure Fermented. 

* Malt Vinegar, Pure Fermented. 

Holbrook and Company, London, Manchester and 
Birmingham. 
(N) Worcestershire Sauce. (Good quality but makes 
extravagant claims as to superiority and use- 
fulness. ) 

Howard, J. F., Haverhill, Mass. 

* Salad Dressing. ( Good quality, containing 50 per 

cent, of oil, egg, and no artificial coloring; sam- 
ple examined slightly short weight.) 

Koenig and Schuster, New York, N. Y. 

* Tomato Catsup, Princess Brand. (34.5 per cent. 

of total solids.) 

Lea and Perrins, Worcester, England. 

* Worcestershire Sauce. 

Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. 

* Chili Sauce, Pure. 

* Tomato Catsup, Pure. (38.6 per cent, of solids.) 

Mcllhenny, E., New Iberia, Louisiana. 

(D) Tabasco Pepper Sauce. (Good quality, but ab- 
surd claims as to its being a preventative for 



102 1001 TESTS 



dyspepsia, relieving headache, neuralgia and 
rheumatism, hygienic and economic claims, etc.) 

McMechen Preserving Company, Wheeling, W. Va. 
(D) Prepared Mustard. (Colored with turmeric, very 
low in total solids (12 per cent.). Proportions 
of mixture given on label could not be present.) 

Marzahl, W., 171 Spring Street, New York, N. Y. 

* Cider Vinegar, Pure. 

Mohawk Valley Cider Company, 73-75 Huron Street, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

* Vinegar, Pure Cider. 

(N) Vinegar, Pure White. (See Wayne County 
White Vinegar.) 
Morehouse Mills, Chicago and Los Angeles. 

(N) Horseradish-Mustard, Cream Brand, Prepared. 
(Contains turmeric and but little horseradish.) 

(D) Mustard, Mrs. Morehouse's Cream Brand, Pre- 
pared. (Contains turmeric and gum.) 

(D) Salad Dressing, Mrs. Morehouse's Cream Brand. 
(No oil or egg found; contains turmeric, gum 
and flavoring.) 

National Onion Salt Company. 

* Onion Salt. 

New England Maple Syrup Company, Boston, Mass. 
(D) Mustard, Golden Tree. (Price low, the turmeric 
and starch present lower the quality, though 
they are declared on label; not a standard 
" prepared mustard/') 



CONDIMENTS 103 

Olney, Burt, Canning Company, Oneida, N. Y. 

* Ketchup. (21 per cent, of total solids.) 

Palisade Manufacturing Company, West Hoboken, 
N. Y. 

* Tournade's Kitchen Bouquet. (A mixture of 

vegetable and meat extracts with flavoring prin- 
ciples; no preservatives; probably colored with 
caramel (burnt sugar) ; harmless and conven- 
ient, but not "indispensable" as formerly 
claimed.) 
Pritchard, E., 331 Spring Street, New York, N. Y., and 
Bridgeton, N. J. 
(D) Tomato Catsup, Pride of the Farm. (Contained 
0.17 per cent, of benzoate of soda; only one- 
tenth of one per cent, declared on the label. 
Had 21 per cent, of total solids.) 

Rabb, Charles, Inc., 237-239 W. 60th St., New York, 
N. Y. 
(D) Tomato Catsup, Blue Ribbon. (Contained over 
two-tenths per cent, of benzoate and is very low 
in solid material, in common with most low 
grade products; 14.5 per cent, of solids.) 

Ritter Conserve Company, P. J., Philadelphia, Pa. 
(N) Tomato Catsup, Pure, Whole. (No preservative 
or artificial color. Two of five samples were 
very low in total solids, the other three being 
satisfactory. Shows two grades of stock still 
on market.) 



104 1001 TESTS 



* Tomato Catsup with Tabasco, Whole, Pure. (25 

per cent, of total solids.) 

Slade, D. and L., Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Cayenne, Absolutely Pure. 

* Cinnamon, Absolutely Pure. 

* Cloves, Absolutely Pure. 

* Celery Salt, Absolutely Pure. 

* Curry Powder, East India. 

* Ginger, Absolutely Pure. 

(N) Mace, Absolutely Pure. (Some question as to 
the species of mace used; possibility of admix- 
ture of Bombay or other wild mace. Evidence 
not conclusive.) 

* Nutmeg, Absolutely Pure. 

* Paprika, Absolutely Pure. 

* Pepper, Absolutely Pure. 

* Pepper, Absolutely Pure, White. 

* Pimento, Absolutely Pure. 

* Sage, Absolutely Pure. 

(N) Salad Cream, Absolutely Pure, Healthful. (No 
oil, but butter is used, a little egg, sugar, wheat 
starch, and spices, etc., as stated on the label.) 

* Savory, Absolutely Pure. 

* Spice, Absolutely Pure Pickling, Whole Mixed 

Spice. 

* Thyme, Absolutely Pure. ( e( Absolutely pure" 

claim objectionable as always; tendency to 



CONDIMENTS 105 

slight short weight on some small packages. 
Quality very good.) 

Snider, T. A., Preserves Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

* Chili Sauce. 

* Tomato Catsup. (23 per cent, of solids.) 
Stickney and Poor Spice Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Cloves, Absolutely Pure. {Claim objectionable.) 

* Mustard, Extra Fine. 

Tildesley and Company, Chicago, Ills. 

(N) Yacht Club Salad Dressing. {A small amount of 
oil and some egg; colored only with turmeric; 
good but hardly of star quality.) 

Wayne County Produce Company, Greenpoint, L. I., 
N. Y. 

* Cider Vinegar. 

(N) Spirit Vinegar, Pure White. (A good grain 
vinegar, true to type and properly labeled. 
This type is not a true aromatic vinegar at all 
and is inferior in quality and flavor to the wine 
and cider products.) 

Worcester Salt Company, New York City, N. Y. 

* Ivory Shaker Salt. 

Yours Truly Company, The, Chicago, Illinois. 
^r Ground Paprika. 

* Ground Pepper. 

(D) Salad Dressing. (No oil present. Depends on 



106 1001 TESTS 



turmeric for color and gum for thickening; not 
permissible mixture for a salad dressing,) 

* Spices, Whole Mixed. 

* Tomato Catsup. 



VIII 
DESSERTS 

READY-TO-USE desserts like most time- 
saving foods give you only fair quality at 
a relatively large price. It is not claimed that 
they are injurious but it is not considered that they 
are either high grade food products or econom- 
ical. The Jello, Nesnah and Tryphosa desserts 
are probably the best of their kind, but consist 
mostly of sugar (about 85-90 per cent.), with a 
little gelatin, flavoring, and coloring matter, for 
which extravagant excellencies and great original- 
ity are claimed. As sugar is only five cents a 
pound, you can see that they are not an economical 
buy for the housewife unless her time is extremely 
valuable. Twenty cents a pound for sugar adds 
an item to the high cost of living! Gelatin des- 
serts, freshly made, uncolored and flavored with 
fresh fruit juices must of necessity be superior 
in quality. 

The straight gelatins themselves present a 
fundamental difficulty in that the line is too often 
not carefully drawn between glue quality and ed- 

107 



108 1001 TESTS 



ible gelatin quality. Both are made from hides, 
bones, and horn pith, and it is the condition 
of the raw material and the treatment and tem- 
perature that differentiate the two. A high 
class glue and a low class gelatin are practically 
the same product. Only sanitary inspection 
could determine this point absolutely and it is 
for this reason that the highest rating has not 
been given to gelatins. The tests made, how- 
ever, insure you that the finished products are 
harmless and of good quality. Another diffi- 
culty is the fact that many gelatin dealers buy 
up their gelatin from different sources and 
their output may vary in excellence. These are 
some of the fundamental difficulties in attempting 
to classify gelatins as to purity. We can only ad- 
vise in general that those examined gave no odor 
on standing, had the proper degree of solubility 
and contained only minute traces, if any, of sul- 
phur dioxide. No dangers are to be feared from 
eating these products but constant inspection alone 
can insure that sanitary raw material is used 
and the proper care taken during the process of 
manufacture. 



DESSERTS 109 



TESTED DESSERTS 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Baker, Franklin, Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Baker's Premium Shred Cocoanut. (Label states 

"Prepared with sugar," contains about 24 per 
cent.) 

Chalmers, James, Sons, Williamsville, N. Y. 

* Transparent Shredded Gelatin. 
Ceylon Spice Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

(D) Instantaneous Tapioca. (Absurd claims as to be- 
ing a "food for babies," "preventing prickly 
heat," etc. Product is good, though "instan- 
taneous" claims are also overdrawn.) 

Colburn, The A., Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

(N) New Process Hasty Tapioca. (A good product 
with such meaningless extravagant claims as 
"The standard goods of America," "Abso- 
lutely Pure," "Superior to the standard re- 
quired by law.") 

Cox, J. and G., Georgia Mills, Edinborough, Scotland. 

* Gelatin. 

Crystal Gelatin Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Boston Crystal Gelatin. 

Diamond Gelatin Company, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Diamond Delico, The Double Dessert — Straw- 



110 1001 TESTS 



berry and Orange; Mint-Lemon; Coffee and 
Cherry. (Colored with cudbear and other 
vegetable dyes, harmless but poor quality and 
the little flavor present is completely lost on ex- 
posure to air,) 

Genesee Pure Food Company, Le Roy, N. Y. 

(N) Jello Lemon. {About 85 per cent, sugar; and ar- 
tificially colored with a harmless vegetable dye. 
Not injurious but not "America's most famous 
dessert." Fruit flavors used mostly. Good 
of its kind but not of star quality.) 

Hansen's Laboratory, Charles, Little Falls, N. Y. 
"At Junket tablets. 

(N) Nesnah Desserts — Chocolate, Lemon, Imitation 
Raspberry. (86 per cent, to 96 per cent, 
sugar, gelatin and trace of permitted coal tar 
dye in two cases; not injurious but not high 
quality; exaggerated claims.) 
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

* Gold Medal Mince Meat. 

* Heinz Plum Pudding. 
Hipolite Company, The, St. Louis, Mo. 

(D) Hipolite Snow-Mellow. (Essentially a mixture 
of com starch and egg albumen. In no sense a 
substitute for eggs. Harmless, but not of good 
quality. Claim, "makes delicious icings, fill- 
ings, and meringues without eggs," misleading.) 



DESSERTS 111 



Knox, Charles B., Company, Johnstown, N. Y.; Mon- 
treal, Canada. 

* Knox's Gelatin. 

Lipton's, New York, London. 

(D) Lipton's Gelatin Jelly Tablets. (Flavors, except 
in the case of the vanilla and the Madeira 
rather flat. Amaranth and Naphthol Yellow 8, 
permitted coal tar dyes used in all samples.) 

Merrell-Soule Company, Syracuse, N. Y. 

* None Such Mince Meat. 

Minute Tapioca Company, Orange, Mass. 

* Minute Gelatin. (Excessive claims as to solubil- 

ity, absolute purity, etc., not warranted.) 

* Minute Tapioca. 

Naitional Starch Company, Corn Products Refining 
Company, New York, N. Y. 
(N) Kingsford's Oswego Cornstarch. (Specifically 
misleading claim as to superiority to arrowroot; 
a good corn starch — nothing more.) 

Ovite Manufacturing Company, Orange, N. J. 

(D) Ovite. (A mixture of corn starch and egg albu- 
men with salt and colored with annato. Harm- 
less but not "A nutritious product which dis- 
places the whole egg in cooking," as claimed.) 

(D) White Ovite. (White egg albumen and corn 
starch. One dollar a pound. Price excessive 
and not a legitimate substitute for the white of 

egg.) 



112 1001 TESTS 



Plymouth Rock Gelatin Company, Boston, Mass. 
* Plymouth Rock Plain, Granulated Gelatin. 
(D) Plymouth Rock Phosphated Granulated Gelatin, 
A Compound. (Phosphoric acid objectionable; 
does not increase nutrition as claimed, and is 
not a satisfactory substitute for lemon.) 

Rich, E. C, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Tryphosa — Lemon — Artificially colored. (Nearly 
90 per cent, sugar and a permitted coal tar 
dye — not injurious but not a high grade prod- 
uct.) 

Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. 
(N) Whitman's Marshmallow Whip. (51 per cent, 
glucose, 26 per cent, sugar, balance water, gum 
and vanillin. Not a substitute for "whipped 
cream" in quality or nutritive value, but is 
correctly named, as it is of a typical marsh- 
mallow composition.) 



IX 
EXTRACTS 

WITH practically no exceptions the flavoring 
extracts are guilty of exaggerated claims. 
Whether the Baker products are claiming to be 
"unequaled in strength," or the Burnett's are 
stated to be ' ' so highly concentrated that only com- 
paratively little need be used, ' ' or the McMonagle 
and Rogers' are said to be "extra strong," or the 
Yours Truly Company claims that their products 
are from "40 to 60 per cent, above the federal 
standard," one and all are drawing a very long 
bow. These are first-class products, but they 
merely comply with the federal standards or in 
some cases exceed the minimum requirements 
somewhat. Practically all of the vanilla extracts 
are said to be made from "the finest Mexican va- 
nilla bean," just as huge amounts of coffees are 
labeled "Java and Mocha," regardless of the fact 
that the output of both is comparatively small. 
We have, therefore, partially disregarded these 
general and commonly exaggerated claims, though 
by no means approving them, in giving the star 

113 



114? 1001 TESTS 



marking to extracts of standard quality, for the 
guidance of the buyer. 

Flavoring extracts have long been notable sin- 
ners in regard to short volume. Often the bottles 
are made of thick glass and no particular content 
is claimed but the bottle which should hold two 
ounces, judging from size and price, holds much 
less. Under the new net weight law demanding 
that weights and measures be declared on all pack- 
ages we might have corrected this evil had not the 
vicious provision, that a "reasonable variation" 
should be permitted, or small packages exempted, 
been inserted in the law. A deduction has in all 
cases been made where the output of any manufac- 
turer showed a general tendency toward short 
weight. 

The question most often asked in regard to ex- 
tracts is, What are vanillin and coumarin? When 
they appear on the label what does this mean? 
Are such extracts harmful? The true vanilla ex- 
tract made from the vanilla bean is much more del- 
icate in flavor and more expensive than that made 
from the artificial vanillin obtained from oil of 
cloves. Coumarin is a substance obtained from 
the Tonka bean and is also a cheaper product of 
inferior flavoring quality used in imitations. 



EXTRACTS 115 



Neither can be said to be harmful, but such a 
product should be plainly labeled i 'imitation' ' or 
"artificial vanillin.' ' It is not enough to label it 
"vanilla extract" and then give a list of ingredi- 
ents which conveys no meaning to the average 
buyer. The true vanilla extract is derived only 
from the vanilla bean. We have excluded from 
the approved list all imitation extracts, though 
many are now honestly labeled, as required by the 
law. We consider all of the extracts made from 
artificial ethers in the laboratory, and nearly al- 
ways colored with coal tar or vegetable dyes to 
conceal inferiority, as unworthy of a place in an 
approved list of high grade products. They are 
used in such small quantities that their harmful- 
ness cannot be discussed, but they are not natural 
foods and in our estimation could not be classed 
among high grade products. The best makers are 
endeavoring to provide pure fruit extracts, even in 
the case of strawberry, raspberry and other flavors 
most difficult to make. Better do without an ex- 
tract than use an imitation poorly flavored and 
artificially colored. 

The new paste extracts are made of gum and 
glycerin with appropriate flavors. They are not 
injurious, but the extravagant claims made as to 



116 1001 TESTS 



superiority to alcoholic extracts cannot be main- 
tained. They may be more economic for some 
purposes and their use is largely a matter of taste. 
Their inferior divisibility is another objection 
and the vanilla and lemon extracts do not yield 
themselves to this treatment as well as other fla- 
vors, like ginger. 

TESTED EXTRACTS 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Baker Extract Company, Portland, Maine, and Spring- 
field, Mass. 

* Almond, Pure Extract. 

* Lemon, Pure Extract. 

* Onion, Pure Extract. 

* Orange, Pure Extract. 

"At Pineapple, Pure Extract. 

(N) Pistachio, Imitation Flavor. (A harmless imita- 
tion extract properly labeled, compounded of 
vanilla extract, almond extract, glycerin, alco- 
hol and a permitted coal tar dye. Not injuri- 
ous but not star quality.) 

* Raspberry, Pure Extract. 

* Strawberry, Pure Extract. 

*k Vanilla, Pure Extract. (Claim "unequaled in 
strength" an exaggeration.) 



EXTRACTS 117 

Burnett, Joseph, and Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Almond. 

(N) Banana, Imitation Flavor. (A mixture of amyl 
and ethyl acetate in alcohol, correctly labeled.) 

* Cherry, Superior Extract. 

* Lemon, Superior Extract. 

* Orange. 

(N) Peach, Imitation Flavor. (Essentially an es- 
sence of oil of bitter almonds, with a little 
orange flavor; not a true peach flavor.) 

* Pineapple. 

(N) Pistachio, Imitation Flavor. (A mixture of al- 
mond, cinnamon and other oils.) 

* Raspberry. 

* Strawberry. 

* Vanilla. 

1c Wintergreen, Essence of. (Medicinal claim, which 
was criticised as objectionable, has been with- 
drawn.) 

Christy, Arthur N., and Company, Newark, N. Y. 
(D) Lemon Flavor. (A paste flavor consisting of 
gum and glycerin with too small an amount of 
oil of lemon to be determined. States on label 
that terpeneless oil of lemon is used with the 
true oil. The former is of very inferior qual- 
ity. Claims to be "The standard of excel- 
lence," and is harmless but of poor quality 
and not comparable with the standard alco- 
holic extracts.) 



118 1001 TESTS 



Colburn, The A., Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

* Almond. 

* Almond, May Flower Extract^ Pure. 

* Lemon, May Flower Extract, Pure. 
ir Orange May Flower Extract, Pure. 

* Orange. 

* Rose. 

* Rose, May Flower Brand, Extract of Pure. 

* Vanilla. 

(The May Flower Brand represent standard 
goods, no more, and no extravagant claims 
are made on the label. The other products 
are also of good standard quality, but 
there is no foundation for the claim that they 
are i( the standard goods of America/' and 
"far superior to the standard required by 
law.") 
Crescent Manufacturing Company, Seattle, Wash. 
(D) Crescent Mapleine. (A harmless substitute 
product; consists essentially of burnt sugar 
(caramel) and vanillin. Misleading name, cor- 
rected by sublabel — "Contains no maple sugar, 
syrup nor sap but produces a taste similar to 
maple." 

McCormick and Company, Baltimore, Md. 

* Almond, Bee Brand Highest Quality, Absolutely 

Pure Extract. (Extreme quality claims and 
slight short measure.) 



EXTRACTS 119 

* Ginger, Bee Brand Highest Quality, Absolutely 

Pure Essence. 

* Lemon, Bee Brand Highest Quality, True. 

(D) Orange, Bee Brand Highest Quality Extract, 
True — Colored. (Below standard and arti- 
ficially colored.) 

(N) Peach, Bee Brand Concentrated Flavoring, Imi- 
tation. (Does not <{ taste like fresh fruit" — 
poor quality.) 

(N) Pineapple, Bee Brand Concentrated Flavoring, 
Imitation. (Same.) 

(N) Rose, Bee Brand Concentrated Flavoring — Col- 
ored. (Harmless vegetable dye (cudbear) 
used.) 

* Vanilla, Bee Brand Highest Quality, True Extract. 

(Quality claims exaggerated but products 
starred were standard.) 
McMonagle and Rogers, Middletown, N. Y. 

* Almond, Premium Fruit Flavors. 
*k Celery, Premium Fruit Flavors. 

* Cinnamon, Premium Fruit Flavors. 

* Cloves, Premium Fruit Flavors. (Above standard 

minimum strength but slightly short measure.) 

* Lemon, Premium Fruit Flavors. 

(N) Nutmeg, Premium Fruit Flavors. (Short meas- 
ure and below standard strength.) 

* Onion, Premium Fruit Flavors. 

* Orange, Premium Fruit Flavors. 

if Peppermint, Premium Fruit Flavors. 



120 1001 TESTS 



* Rose, Premium Fruit Flavors. 

*k Vanilla, Premium Fruit Flavors. 

* Wintergreen, Premium Fruit Flavors. 

Pitkin, J. M., and Company, Newark, N. Y. 

(N) Almond Flavor. 

(N) Ginger Flavor. 

(Harmless and suitable for some purposes, but 
not superior to alcoholic extracts as claimed.) 

(N) Lemon Flavor. (Oil of lemon fortified with 
citral. ) 

(D) Vanilla Substitute. (Contains vanillin, couma- 
rin and caramel coloring, and it is claimed 
that it is superior to the pure standard arti- 
cle.) 
Price Flavoring Extract Company, Chicago, Illinois. 

* Dr. Price's Delicious Flavoring Extract, Vanilla. 

Sauer, C. F., Company, Richmond, Va. 

* Almond. 

(N) Banana, Imitation Flavor. 

* Orange. 

(N) Peach, Imitation Flavor. 
(N) Pineapple, Imitation Flavor. 
(N) Strawberry, Imitation Flavor. 

(Imitation flavors artificially colored. Made 
from blended ethers. Correctly labeled.) 

* Vanilla, Pure concentrated extract. ("Absolute 

purity" claim objectionable; attack on substi- 
tutes as being "injurious" not warranted.) 



EXTRACTS 121 

Slade, D. and L., Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Almond, Absolutely Pure Extract. ("Absolutely 

pure" objectionable as always.) 

* Lemon, Absolutely Pure Extra Strong Extract. 

(Not "extra strong/' just standard.) 
"A Peppermint, Absolutely Pure Family Remedies. 

* Rose, Absolutely Pure Extract. 
Stickney and Poor Spice Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Vanilla, Best U. S. P. 

Yours Truly Company, Chicago, Illinois. 

* Lemon, Pure Extract. 

* Vanilla Extract, Yours Truly Pure Extract. 

(Good standard products not above official 
standards as claimed.) 



FISH— (CANNED, DEIED, ETC.) 

THE utmost care should be exercised in regard 
to the use of all canned fish, because when 
these products do decompose they have a tendency- 
more than almost any other products, to develop 
poisonous bodies in the process of protein degrada- 
tion. The housewife should always examine the 
can carefully by its appearance, smell, and taste 
upon opening. Great care, however, is exercised 
in putting up fish products and the salmon espe- 
cially may be mentioned as retaining, to a marked 
degree, the quality of the fresh product. 

All canned fish should be consumed immediately 
upon opening and not be kept over for the next 
day. Properly smoked and dried fish offer a most 
nutritious and economical diet and are much more 
widely used abroad than here. Their use could 
very profitably be extended, especially in view of 
the high price of meat. 

TESTED FISH (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 

122 



FISH, (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 128 

(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Als Hangesund Preserving Company, Hangesund. 

* Fancy Imported Norway Sardines in Mustard 

Sauce — Salome Brand* (Not a true sardine 
(pilchard) ; labeling permitted by official regu- 
lations.) 

Beale arid Garnett Company, Eastport, Maine. 

* Finnan Haddie. (Put up in the United States; a 

true Finnan Haddie should be from Scotland.) 

Beardsley, J. W., Sons, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Shredded Codfish. (No borax found; short 
weight and extravagant statement as to com- 
parative nutritive value — 1 lb. not equal to 4 
lbs. of fresh fish, as stated.) 

Burnham and Morrill Company, Portland, Maine. 

* Fish Flakes. 

California Fish Company, Los Angeles, California. 
(N) California Sardines. (True pilchard or sardine 
not found on California coast, labeling per- 
mitted by Government , but sublabel "Genu- 
ine sardines" objectionable.) 

Cresca Company, Distributors, 355 Greenwich Street, 
New York. 

* Caviar Superieure. 
Crosse and Blackwell, London. 

(N) Anchovy Paste. (Colored with an unidentified 
reddish dye. Labeled "Artificially colored.") 



124 1001 TESTS 



Davis, Frank E., Company, Gloucester, Mass. 

* Deviled Crab Meat. 

* Lump Crab Meat. 

(D) Crab Shells. (Not perfectly cleaned.) 

* Fish Flake. 

* Fish Flake, Codfish and Haddock Corned. 

* Kippered Herring. 

* Fresh Mackerel. 

(D) Selected Gulf Fresh Shrimp. (Quality poor; two 
samples out of four bad.) 

Emery and Company, Boston, Mass. 

(N) Deviled Sardines. (Sublabeled "Atlantic Ocean 
Sardine Herrings," really are herrings; not a 
"most economical and nutritious article of 
food/' as claimed.) 

Gorman and Company, Inc., Seattle, Wash. 

(D) Red Heart Brand Alaska Salmon. (Slack fill 
and short weight; a low grade article.) 
Gorton Pew Fisheries Company. 

* Gorton's Boneless Codfish. (19 per cent, of salt.) 

Liss, George, and Company, New York City. 

it Salmon, Highwood Brand, Columbia Eiver. 
Lord Brothers Company, Portland, Maine. 

* Extra Quality Pure Codfish Strictly Boneless. 

McMenamin and Company, Hampton, Va. 

* Crab Meat. 



FISH, (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 125 

Peabody, Henry W., San Francisco, California and 
New York. 

* Havalan Brand Japanese Crab Meat. 

Sea Beach Packing Works, Aberdeen, Wash. 

* Pioneer Minced Sea Clams. 

Southern California Fish Company, Los Angeles, Cal. 

* Blue Sea Tuna. 

Van-Thomas Company, Los Angeles, Cal. 

* Avalon Brand Tuna. {Packed in cottonseed and 

olive oil and so labeled.) 

Watson, Angus, and Company, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
England. 
(N) Skipper Sardines in Tomato. 
(N) Skipper Sardines in Virgin Olive Oil. 

(Not true sardines (pilchards) — Norway 
bristlings and should be so labeled. Govern- 
ment permits designation "Norway sardines/' 
but in this case labeling is not even true to 
this ruling.) 

* Bouillon Herringlets. 

Williams, R. C, and Company, New York. 

* Salmon, Royal Scarlet, Columbia River. 



XI 
FKUITS— DEIED 1 

THE points in regard to dried fruits are : Are 
they unsulphured? Are they free from ex- 
cessive moisture (which sulphuring makes pos- 
sible)? Are they free from insect infection? 
Have full weight and measure been given? For 
the starred products we can answer "yes," in re- 
gard to all of these points. Fruits-are-transported 
more cheaply in this dried compact form and the 
consumer pays for less water than in fresh or 
canned goods. Their keeping qualities are also 
excellent and they form a very acceptable part of 
the diet both from an economical and nutritive 
point of view, especially during the seasons when 
fresh fruits are unavailable or very high in price. 
Stewed dried fruits are excellent natural laxatives 
as well as nutritious and a handful of raisins, dates 
or figs is much better, in my opinion, for the grow- 
ing child than candy. 

i For canned fruits see page 45. 



126 



FRUITS— DRIED 127 



TESTED FRUITS, DRIED 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D) , rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

American Dehydrating Company, Waukesha, Wiscon- 
sin. 
(N) Dehydro-Fresh Cranberries. (By no means equal 
to fresh fruit nor superior to the dried and 
evaporated goods, as claimed.) 

American Vineyard Company, Fresno, Cal.— Boston — 
San Francisco. 

* Ideal "Not-a-Seed" Raisins. 
Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y. 

(D) Peaches, Fancy Evaporated California. (0.15 
per cent, of sulphur found in this product. La- 
bel read " sulphur bleached"; considered in- 
jurious to health though permitted by federal 
regulation pending investigation.) 

California Fruit Canners' Association, Fresno, Cali- 
fornia. 

* Del Monte Brand California Seedless Raisins. 
Carque Pure Food Company, Los Angeles, Cal. 

* Apricots, Carque 's California Likefresh Fruits. 

* Bananas, Carque 's California Likefresh Fruits. 

* Cherries, Carque 's California Likefresh Fruits. 

* Figs, California Selected Black Mission. 

* Olives, Selected Sun Dried California Ripe, Dry. 



128 1001 TESTS 



* Peaches, Carque's California Likefresh Fruits. 

* Pears, Carque's California Likefresh Fruits. 

(Claims somewhat overdrawn; excellent unsul- 
phured products.) 
Cresca Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Cresca Figs. 

* Stuffed Figs and Stuffed Dates. 

* Cresca Choicest Cluster Raisins. 

(Figs and dates are "Prepared with com 
syrup/' i. e., glucose; declared on label, 
amount very small but unnecessary and un- 
desirable.) 

DeGroff, Lewis, and Son, New York, N. Y, 

* Smyrna Figs, Health Brand. 

Fresno Home Packing Company, Fresno, California. 

* Fancy Cluster Raisins, Blue Ribbon Brand. 

Greenhut Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Raisins, Sultanas, Golden West Brand, Extra 

Quality, Natural, Seedless. 

Higgins, William A., and Company, New York, N. Y. 
(N) Chariot Apples. (Minute trace of sulphur; short 

weight due probably to drying out.) 
(D) Seedless Raisins, Berry Brand. (Short weight, 
0.018 per cent, sulphur dioxide.) 
Hills Brothers Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Dromedary Brand Cleaned Currants. 

* Dromedary Golden Dates. 



FRUITS— DRIED 129 

* Dromedary Brand Washed Figs. ("Conserved 

in corn syrup/' i. e., glucose — declared on label 
— very small amount present but is undesirable 
and unnecessary.) 

Koenig and Schuster, New York. 

* Fancy Malaga Raisins, Princess Brand. 

Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y. 

* White Rose California Seeded Muscatel Raisins. 

Williams, R. C, and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Royal Scarlet Seeded Raisins. 



xn 

HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES AND DISIN- 
FECTANTS * 

THE miscellaneous samples reported under 
this heading pretend in no way to cover the 
field, but were examined mainly in response to 
inquiries and as information was needed. Vas- 
elines (petrolatum) are standard products, but 
the "remedial" claims made for them have been 
exaggerated. The disinfectants all err in mak- 
ing extravagant claims, extending their usefulness 
into the medicinal field and so becoming dangerous 
in the hands of the layman. The non-poisonous 
claim is particularly misleading and the fanciful 
names under which these products are presented 
are objectionable in that they conceal the true 
nature of the disinfectant which might easily be 
declared. A standardized, carefully prepared dis- 
infectant of proper strength is a boon to the house- 
keeper and it is a great pity that these products 
cannot be sold in a more intelligent and ethical way 
as they are undoubtedly useful, and their quality 

* Data do not represent complete analyses ; only important and 
characteristic ingredients are mentioned, 

190 



HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 131 

in many cases is excellent. Some of the materials 
reported fall within the patent medicine class and 
exhibit all the evils and misleading statements 
typical of such products. 

TESTED HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES AND DIS- 
INFECTANTS 

{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

American Druggists Syndicate, Long Island City, N. T. 
(N) A. D. S. Foot Tablets. (An astringent antisep- 
tic wash containing tannin, salicylic acid, alum, 
boric acid, etc. Claims that it is a "valuable 
remedy/' "effective in the treatment of bun- 
ions," etc., are extravagant.) 

Bauer and Black, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Blue Jay Corn Plasters. (Contain salicylic acid, 
which is practically always the active in- 
gredient of corn salves. Is often helpful but 
the claim "In 48 hours com comes out root and 
all," is exaggerated.) 

Bauer and Company, Berlin, A. Wulfing and Company, 
N. Y. American Agents. 
(D) Formamint Tablets. (A formaldehyde prepara- 
tion with extravagant claims as to its thera- 
peutic and germicidal properties. Efficacy of 



1S2 1001 TESTS 



the tablets is believed to be much overrated, in 
addition to which they might be irritating in 
some conditions.) 
Bliss, Alonzo O., Company, Washington, D. C. 

(D) Native Herbs. (A mixture of aloes, the com- 
mon cathartic, and cassia, with probably small 
amounts of podophyllum, ginger, dandelion, and 
other stomachics. Not true to name, and ac- 
companied by characteristic patent medicine 
claims, which are obviously impossible of ful- 
fillment. Would not <( cure rheumatism, ca- 
tarrh, nervous disorders, diabetes and all syph- 
ilitic diseases" as claimed.) 

Carter iLytle Drug Company, Baltimore, Md. 

(N) Kornol. (Collodion with salicylic acid in alcohol 
and ether. "It will dissolve the most obstinate 
cases." "The best paint for corns" etc. 
Claims excessive.) 

Chesebrough Manufacturing Company, New York, 
N. Y. 
(N) Capsicum Vaseline. (Petrolatum containing cap- 
sicum. A good product but only palliative, not 
"a remedy" for rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, 
etc., as stated. Not "superior to mustard or 
any other plaster" under all conditions.) 
* Carbolated Vaseline. (A petrolatum containing 
phenol. Statements that it is "A valuable an- 
tiseptic dressing for wounds, etc.," is true.) 



HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 133 

* Mentholated Vaseline. (A mentholated petro- 

latum, which may he advantageously used for 
"nervous headaches, sore throat, neuralgia, 
neuritis, rheumatism, etc./ 9 as a palliative. 
No remedial or curative properties claimed in 
this case.) 

* Vaseline. (Former claims "an invaluable rem- 

edy for burns, rheumatism, hemorrhoids'' with- 
drawn from label; product is palliative but 
hardly remedial in such cases.) 

* White Vaseline. (Pure petrolatum; former claim 

that it is an "invaluable family remedy 
for rheumatism, catarrh, hay fever, etc.," is 
obviously an exaggeration, as "remedy" im- 
plies constructive healing while this substance 
is only palliative. Claims withdrawn from 
label.) 

Clark's Corporation, New York, N. Y. 

(D) Sel Amaigrissant. (Merely crystallized washing 
soda, perfumed. Claims made as to its merits 
as a flesh reducer when used in the bath, are 
manifestly absurd, and the price is high.) 

Crittenton, Charles N., Company, New York, N. Y. 
(D) Tooth Ache Drops, Pike's Universal Vegetable. 
(Consists chiefly of chloroform and alcohol 
with a little oil of cloves and other antiseptic 
oils; not a "vegetable" product; chloroform 
dangerous and habit forming, and tends to de- 
fer necessary dental attention.) 



134. 1001 TESTS 



Dodge, Walter Luther, and Company, Chicago, 111. 
(N) Tiz. {Tablets containing tannin, salicylic acid, 
alum, and orris root. An astringent antiseptic 
foot bath, harmless but could do but little for 
bunions, ingrowing nails, etc., as claimed.) 

Downs, Jean, 334 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 
(D) Get Slim. (Consists essentially of sugar and 
tartaric and citric acids, colored with a trace of 
pink dye. Claims for its efficiency as a flesh 
reducer grossly exaggerated and an unlimited 
use of these acids might be harmful.) 

E. C. D. Chemical Company, 1777 Broadway, New York 
City, N. Y. 
(D) Fluid En-Ser-01. (An alleged catarrh and deaf- 
ness cure, consists essentially of camphor, glyc- 
erine, water and traces of antiseptics. Worth 
about 2 cents and sells for $1; claims absurd.) 

Every Woman Company, Chicago, 111. 

(D) Every Woman's Flesh Reducer. (A mixture of 
epsom salts, alum, washing soda and camphor, 
5 tablespoonfuls to be used in a hot bath as a 
flesh reducer; claims absurd. Sells for 89 
cents, costs not more than 10, at a liberal es- 
timate.) 

Evans Sons, Lescher and Webb, Ltd., Liverpool, Lon- 
don and New York. 
(N) Antiseptic Throat Pastilles. (Consists essen- 
tially of gum acacia, licorice, terpin-hydrate, 
and ammonium salt; claims slightly exagger- 



HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 135 

ated. It would restore the voice and make 
breathing easy when there was some slight diffi- 
culty only.) 

Giant Chemical Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

(N) A-Corn Salve. (Contains fat, salicylic acid, 
methyl salicylate. Claims moderate, except 
that it could hardly remove bunions.) 
Grape Capsule Company, 108 Fulton Street, New York, 
N. T. 

(N) Cod Liver Oil Capsules. (A good cod liver oil 
in capsule form, but is short weight and high 
priced considering the amount of oil obtained, 
due allowance being made for the expense of 
the capsule form; claims are conservative.) 

(N) Olive Oil Grapes, (Olive oil in capsule form, ex- 
cessive claims as to its value as a <( tissue builder 
and flesh creator/' as i( an appetizer " etc.) 

* Ricinol Grape. (Castor oil.) (A good castor oil 
in capsule form. Slightly short weight but 
2*4 grams for ten cents is not excessive.) 
Grove, E. W. (Paris Medicine Co., St. Louis, Mo.). 

(D) Laxative Bromo-Quinine. (Contains aloin, as a 
laxative, bromid and phenacetin (2 grains per 
tablet), belladonna and quinine. A most un- 
desirable product for miscellaneous uncon- 
trolled ingestion.) 

Hydrox-Chemical Company, New York, Chicago, San 
Francisco. 
(N) Hydros Hydrogen Peroxide. (Contains acet- 



136 1001 TESTS 



anilid as a preservative. Extravagant claims 
as to efficacy as a mouth wash.) 

Jad Salts Company, New York, N. Y. 

(D) Jad Brand Salts. (A shot-gun prescription 
which "cures" too many diseases at once. Con- 
sists principally of sodium phosphate, sodium 
and potassium bicarbonates and citric and tar- 
taric acids, and a very small amount of hexa- 
methylene tetramine, antiseptic diuretic, as 
stated on the label. Odor of formaldehyde 
showed partial decomposition of last named in- 
gredient. Miscellaneous drugging of this hind 
is useless and often attended by an element of 
danger. 75 cents is an exorbitant price for four 
ounces of this material.) 

Kimball, Lucile, 1327 So. Michigan Boulevard, Chicago, 
111. 
(D) Obesity Remedy. (Consists of 1. A powder 
made up of soap, epsom salts and washing soda, 
for external application. 2. Brown tablets 
consisting essentially of aloin a laxative, bella- 
donna and nux vomica. 3. Pink tablets to 
furnish a tonic and stomachic, consisting es- 
sentially of capsicum, menthol, and bitter prin- 
ciples resembling those from quassia and gen- 
tian; harmless in general, but utterly unable to 
fulfill the excessive claims made for it as a flesh 
reducer.) 



HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 187 

Kinox Company, Rutland, Vermont. 

(N) Kinox. (Essentially the product known as Chin- 
osol, a derivative of quinolin. A good antisep- 
tic sold under a fancy name with extravagant 
claims for its application.) 

Landshut, Karl, Chicago, 111. 

(D) Louisenbad Reduction Salt. (Essentially epsom 
salts, worth about 2 cents a pound and sold for 
one dollar. That it would prove a i( remedy 
for obesity without the use of drugs, diet, exer- 
cises/' by using it in the bath water, is ob- 
viously absurd, neither would it <( tone the 
whole body/') 

Lambert Pharmacal Company, St. Louis, Mo. 

* Listerine. 

Lehn and Fink, New York City. 

* Lysol. (A solution of cresylic acid with a germi- 

cidal value about twice that of carbolic; name 
objectionable, as not being descriptive of the 
product, which, however, is an excellent one. 
Very similar to the " Liquor cresolis composi- 
tus" of the Pharmacopoeia.) 

Luden, W. H., Reading, Pa. 

* Menthol Cough Drops. (A simple menthol cough 

drop, for which no extravagant medicinal claims 
are made. Efficacy of all cough drops is of 
course very limited.) 



138 1001 TESTS 



Martindale, Thomas, and Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 
(D) Royal Olvules. (A first-class olive oil in capsule 
form. Disapproved because of the fact that 
only two or three ounces are given for $1 and 
the claims as to its being a specific for constipa- 
tion and a preventative for appendicitis, are 
manifestly misleading. A useful and unobjec- 
tionable product if properly priced and pre- 
sented.) 

Medical Formula Company, Chicago, 111. 

(D) Calocide Compound. (A foot bath consisting of 
alum, salt and gallic acid. Might be very draw- 
ing and drying to the feet, undesirably so un- 
der some conditions.) 

Mentholatum Company, Buffalo, New York. 

(D) Mentholatum. (A useful mixture of camphor, 
menthol, vaseline and boric acid, but the state- 
ment that it will give even "quick relief" for 
hay fever, pneumonia, croup, neuralgia, rheu- 
matism, etc., must be considered decidedly mis- 
leading.) 

Merck and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Creolin-Pearson. {An efficient disinfectant; for- 
mer dangerous claim of "non-poisonous," and 
excessive claims as to strength withdrawn; ap- 
plications and efficiency claims still somewhat 
too broad.) 

Moller, Peter, London (Schieffelin and Company, U. S. 
Agents, New York). 
*k Hydroxy 1-Free Cod Liver Oil. (A very pure, high 



HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 139 

quality cod liver oil. The claim made that it 
is hydroxyl-free appears to he questionable and 
claims as to its being a "perfect food," "a uni- 
versal remedy," etc., are deprecated as mean- 
ingless exaggeration.) 
Moras, Dr. E. R., Highland Park, Illinois. 

(D) Detoxyl. (A tablet consisting essentially of ep- 
som salts with citric and tartaric acids in com~ 
bination with soda. Said to cure practically all 
known diseases from pneumonia to whooping 
cough, including typhoid fever and delirium tre- 
mens, when used in connection with the die- 
tetic and hygienic system outlined in the litera- 
ture. The claims are obviously impossible of 
fulfillment. See article in "Good Housekeep- 
ing, April, 1914.) 

(D) Eye Cream. (A mixture of cocoa butter and lan- 
olin, or some similar fat. No medication what- 
ever could be found, not even boric acid. A 
small salve box of this is sold for $2. It is 
claimed that all eye troubles can be cured by 
massaging the eyelids with it. Pretensions ob- 
viously misleading and impossible of fulfill- 
ment.) 
Musterole Company, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. 

(D) Musterole. (A good mustard and menthol prep- 
aration, probably non-blistering as claimed, 
but the statements that it would prevent pneu- 
monia, and that there is "nothing like it" for 



140 1001 TESTS 



rheumatism, pleurisy, tonsilitis, etc., are mis- 
leading.) 
New Skin Company, 98 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

* New Skin. (Essentially a flexible collodion with 

amyl acetate; has also antiseptic properties but 
"g emu-killing" powers are somewhat problem- 
atic.) 

Nikola Chemical Company, 449 W. 52nd St., New York, 
N.Y. 
(D) Nikola Bathing Compound and "Weight Eeducer. 
(Essentially washing soda with a little salt. 
The claim that it is "Recommended by leading 
physicians here and abroad as a weight reducer 
and a preventative of gout, rheumatism, kidney 
trouble, and all forms of skin diseases" is pal- 
pably misleading.) 

Oakland Chemical Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Dioxogen. 

Olmsted, Allen S., New York, N. Y. 

(N) Allen's Foot Ease. (Essentially talc and boric 
acid. Any good borated talcum powder would 
be equally efficacious in relieving and prevent- 
ing blisters, etc. Could do nothing curative for 
"ingrowing nails and bunions.") 

Pond's Extract Company, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Pond's Extract. (Distilled extract of witch 
hazel; slightly exaggerated claims, though it is 
not described as a remedy, but only for use in 
earache, boils, toothache, neuralgia, sore eyes, 



HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 141 

etc; claim that "nothing else is so healing to 
the skin" is exaggerated.) 

Potter Drug and Chemical Company, Boston, Mass. 
(D) Cuticura Ointment. (A vaseline and wax prep- 
aration, perfumed , depending essentially on the 
small amount of phenol present for its anti- 
septic value. Claims for its efficacy in treating 
humors, ulcers, eczema, etc., greatly over- 
stated.) 

Pure Gluten Food Company, 90 West Broadway, New 
York, N. Y. 
(N). Hoyt's ' ' Sweetina. ' ' (A preparation of sac- 
charin for the use of diabetics. Legitimate 
product if plainly named.) 

Rueckheim Brothers and Eckstein, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Angelus Cough Drops. (A horehound cough 
drop, flavored with sassafras and containing 
no drugs. 25 per cent, of glucose and 64 per 
cent, of sucrose. Statement that it is highly 
recommended for sore throat, is a slight exag- 
geration.) 

Sam Katz Company, 1325 South Michigan Avenue, 
Chicago, 111. 
(D) Sam Katz Oxygen Treatment for Catarrh. 
(This treatment consists of four parts: (1) 
A so-called oxygen germicide, consisting of 
sodium perborate flavored with cinnamon. (2) 
Plumose fiber, which is absorbent cotton 



142 1001 TESTS 



heavily impregnated with aromatic substances, 
methyl salicylate, menthol, etc., and (3) two 
sets of tablets one of which generates oxygen 
on treatment with acid. Product might have 
some disinfecting power but is entirely unable 
to fulfill the claims made for it as a catarrh cure 
and the claims based on the liberation of oxy- 
gen in the stomach and intestines are unscien- 
tific and unwarranted.) 
Sargol Company, Binghamton, N. Y. 

(D) Sargol. (The report of the British Medical As- 
sociation on Sargol is recorded in the "Journal 
of the American Medical Association" as fol- 
lows: 

Sugar 18.0 per cent. 

Insoluble protein 10.8 " " 

Sodium and potassium 

hypophosphites 7.7 " " 

Albumin (soluble) 4.2 " " 

Lecithin 1.9 " " 

Zinc phosphid , 0.7 " " 

Talc, Kaolin, moisture, etc. 

(The composition of such products varies 
from time to time and manifestly while such a 
combination might have some little tonic value, 
its effect would be problematic, and the claims 
made for it as a flesh builder, and the state- 
ment that "any man or woman can now be 
plump and well developed," or that it "makes 



HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 143 

puny, peevish people plump and popular" are 
very absurd. Eggs, milk and grains are a bet- 
ter source of phosphorus and lecithins. Great 
tonic value of hypophosphites is an exploded 
notion. It was estimated that 30 of these 
tablets, which sold for $1, had an intrinsic 
value of 2y 2 cents.) 

Spencer Kellogg and Sons, Buffalo, N. Y. 

* Tasteless Castor Oil. (Practically tasteless and 
claims for its efficiency only slightly exagger- 
ated.) 

Stearns, Frederick and Co., Detroit, Mich. 

(D) Headache Cure. (Shac.) (A typical headache 
remedy containing in each wafer one-half grain 
of caffein and 4 grains of acetanilid, the latter 
being a dangerous and heart depressant drug 
which has no remedial value but merely reduces 
the susceptibility to pain.) 

Sterizol Sales Company, Boston, Mass. 

(D) Sterizol, The Perfect Antiseptic. (An antiseptic 
mixture of sodium chlorid and borax, with a 
small amount of menthol and thymol. Sold for 
$1 a package and recommended for practically 
every known ill. Claims for its efficiency and 
superiority are entirely unwarranted. Charge 
is excessive.) 

Sulpho-Napthol Company, Boston, Mass. 

(N) Sulpho-Napthol. (A very good coal tar prepara- 
tion having from 2.3 to 3.8 times the efficiency 



144 1001 TESTS 



of carbolic acid, but the extravagant medicinal 
and curative claims might prove misleading to 
the laynum.) 

West Disinfecting Company, New York, N. Y. 
* C. N. Disinfectant. {A very excellent phenol, 
cresol, coal tar disinfectant in concentrated soap 
solution; germicidal value nearly six times that 
of phenol but the claims, while much moderated 
are still slightly broad.) 

Woolheal Chemical Company, 149-151 Church street, 
New York, N. Y. 
(D) Wool Heal. (A partially purified wool grease, in- 
ferior to the V. S. P. lanolin. Extravagant 
claims made that it will afford immediate re- 
lief in the most distressing forms of pimples, 
and all flesh and skin blemishes.) 



sm 

LAED, BUTTEES, AND THEIE SUB. 
STITUTES 

IT is quite impossible to certify without sanitary 
inspection to the materials from which lard and 
butter have been made, but careful chemical tests 
were made of these products to determine whether 
or not they complied with the standards as to the 
amount of moisture and the quality and quantity of 
the fat present, and were free from artificial color 
or preservatives. Over and over we are asked, 
"Is oleomargarine wholesome?" and "What is 
01800?" Oleomargarine may digest somewhat 
more slowly than butter but this does not prove 
that it is less nutritious. There is no reason why 
it should not be an acceptable food if honestly sold 
at a lower price than the more delicious, but no 
more wholesome, butter. This is assuming that 
the oleomargarine is made in a cleanly way from 
pure neutral lard, beef fat, or vegetable oils, with 
or without the admixture of cream or butter. 

Crisco, the much advertised cooking fat, is made 
from cotton seed oil by a special process which 
solidifies it There are no scientific data as to its 

145 



146 1001 TESTS 



relative digestibility, but as far as we know it is a 
perfectly wholesome and efficient substitute for 
cooking butter and lard. Claims made as to its 
taking the place of butter in cake making and the 
superiority of foods that are cooked in it, open up 
a debatable field to put it mildly. Cooks will 
doubtless disagree on these points. It is said 
to be richer than butter because it contains less 
water and therefore, has relatively more fat in a 
given bulk. To this extent it is more economical. 
The question of flavoring and consistency, how- 
ever, would enter into cake making and it is ques- 
tionable whether it takes the place of butter for 
such uses ; as a frying medium, it undoubtedly has 
certain physical properties which are advantage- 
ous. 

The peanut butters so extensively used now, 
especially for children, are included in this section. 
These products offer in concentrated form a ration 
very high in two of the principal food elements. 
All of the products approved contained 45 per cent, 
or more of fat, about 29 per cent, of protein, and 
approximately 22 per cent, of carbohydrates. 
These are plainly rich, highly nutritious foods to 
be eaten in small quantities, rather than perfectly 
balanced foods for a general diet as they are some- 
times claimed to be. 



LARD, BUTTERS, SUBSTITUTES 147 

TESTED LARD, BUTTERS AND THEIR SUB- 
STITUTES 

{Starred products (it) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Ammon and Pearson, Jersey City, N. J. 

* Oleomargarine, Baby Brand. (A properly la- 

beled and acceptable oleomargarine, uncolored. 
Has no right to appellation "Creamery But- 
terine," which is sometimes used and is mis- 
leading.) 
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111. 

* Armour's " Simon Pure" Leaf Lard. 

Beechnut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y. 

* Beechnut Brand Peanut Butter. 
Bosman and Lohman Company, Norfolk, Va. 

* Nut-Let Peanut Butter. 

Carque Pure Food Company, Los Angeles, California. 

* Carque 's Nut Cream Butter. (Ground nuts with 

cocoanut; somewhat extravagant nutritive 
claims.) 

Forest Home Farm, Purcellville, Md. 

* Lard. 

Fairbank, N. K., Company, Chicago and New York. 
it Cottolene. (Cotton seed oil and beef stearin, un- 
colored.) 



148 ftOOl TESTS 



Fox River Butter Company. 

* Pure Butter. ("Absolutely Pure" claim objec- 

tionable, as always. An excellent product, 
"however, with very low moisture content, show- 
ing careful preparation.) 
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

* Peanut Butter. 

Hills Brothers Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Datenut Butter. 

Jones Dairy Farm, Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. 

* Pure Lard. 

Morehouse Mills, Chicago, and Los Angeles. 

* Mrs. Morehouse's Peanut Butter. 
Morris and Company, Chicago, 111. 

* Marigold Oleomargarine. 

Proctor and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

it Crisco. (Cottonseed oil solidified by a special 
process.) 

Swift and Company, Chicago. 

(N) Silver-Leaf Brand Lard. (Of good quality but 
does not comply with requirements for a "leaf" 
lard, use of the words "Silver-Leaf Brand" con- 
sidered misleading. Five pound pail at 70 
cents weighed four pounds. No weight de- 
clared.) 

* Swift's Premium Oleomargarine. 

* Swift's Jersey Brand Oleomargarine. 
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, 111. 

* Yours Truly Peanut Butter. 



xrv 

MEATS~-(CANNED, DBIED, ETC.) 

IN many of the dried meats potassium nitrate 
(saltpetre) is present in small amounts. It is 
not needed to preserve these products but is used 
solely to give the reddish color of fresh meat to 
the smoked or dried meat. Its use has never been 
forbidden by official ruling, and only very small 
amounts are found, but the purpose for which it is 
used is clearly misleading, and since nitrate of 
potassium is rarely employed at present, even for 
therapeutic purposes, because it is inferior to the 
harmless vegetable potassium salts, and next to the 
cyanid and chlorate of potassium salts is consid- 
ered the most poisonous of this class of bodies, it 
seems to me obvious that its use in a food product 
is undesirable, no matter how small the quantities 
may be. 

TESTED MEATS AND MEAT PRODUCTS, 
(CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved produoU 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

149 



ISO 1001 TESTS 



Armour and Company, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Sliced Dried Beef. (Short weight and a trace of 
saltpetre present.) 
Beech-Nut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y. 

* Beech-Nut Brand Sliced Beef. 

* Beech-Nut Brand Sliced Bacon. 

Cresca Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Pate de Foies Gras Aux Truffes du Perigord Stras- 

bourg (Alsace) Germany. 

Derby, H. C, Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Derby Brand Lambs Tongues. 

Ferris, F. A. and Company. 

* Our Trade Mark Ham. 

* Boneless Bacon. 

Forest Home Farm, Purcellville, Virginia. 

* Scrapple (unlabeled). 

* Sausage. 

* Virginia Ham. 

Frank, L„ and Son, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (Bought of 
C. Jevne and Company, 32 South Wabash 
Avenue, Chicago, III.) 

* Lax Ham. 

* Liver Sausage. 

* Summer Sausage. 

Grand View Farm Produce Company, Lancaster, Pa. 

* Pork Sausage. 

Gordon and Dil worth, New York City. 

* Calves Foot and Head Jelly. 



MEATS (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 151 

Hormel, G. A. and Company, Austin, Minn. 

* Dairy Brand Bacon. 

* Dairy Brand Ham. 

Houston Packing Company, Houston, Texas. 

(N) Cooked Whole Ox Tongue — Red Cross Brand. 

(Small amount of saltpetre present.) 
(N) Cooked Compressed Corned Beef — Red Cross 
Brand. (Small amount of saltpetre present.) 

Jones Dairy Farm, Fort Atkinson, Wis. 

* Bacon. 

* Ham. 

* Little Sausage. 

Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Wafer Sliced Dried Beef. (Small amount of salt- 
petre present.) 
(N) Potted Meat, Beef Ham Flavor. (A compound 

honestly labeled but not of high quality.) 
*k Boneless Chicken. 

* Deviled Ham. 

(N) Veal Loaf with Pork and Beef Product. (A mis- 
cellaneous mixture not of high quality.) 

Pond, E. K. Packing Company, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Derby Brand Boneless Chicken. (Coarse, 
stringy, not high quality, probably old fowls.) 

Richardson and Robbins, Dover, Delaware. 

* Boned Chicken. 

* Potted Ham. 



152 1001 TESTS 



Swift and Company, U. S. A. 
(N) Premium Ham. 
(N) Premium Bacon Sliced. 

(Small amount of saltpetre present, good qual- 
ity otherwise.) 

Underwood, W. M., Company, Boston, Mass. 
it Original Deviled Ham. 



XV 

OLIVE OILS, ETC. 

THE olive oils examined uphold the opinion 
that tinder the law this product as imported 
is no longer adulterated to any extent. Nearly all 
the samples complied with the standards. Occa- 
sionally, some dealer mixes cottonseed oil with 
olive oil after it is received in this country, as the 
difference in price makes the adulteration a most 
profitable one. The cotton seed oil, however, is, as 
far as we know, just as nutritious and wholesome 
as the olive oil, but merely has less flavor, is less 
delicious and should be properly sold under its own 
name and at a lower price. 

Careful organoleptic tests were made of six of 
the olive oils examined, which all complied with the 
standards as far as chemical analysis could deter- 
mine, to see whether any difference in quality could 
be detected by an unprejudiced jury. The three im- 
ported oils included in the test, namely, Artaud, 
Barton and Guestier, and the Lucca oil of S. Eae 
and Company, were plainly of deep color, and rich, 
characteristic flavor and odor. The Pompeian Oil 

1*2 



154 1001 TESTS 



was paler in color and blander, the flavor and odor 
not being so marked ; while the Heinz oil was unan- 
imously considered to have the mildest flavor and 
odor, and the palest color ; one juror, however, pre- 
ferred it on this account. This seems to establish 
the point that personal taste enters too largely into 
these fine distinctions of quality to afford any basis 
for discrimination and all of the oils starred are at 
least pure olive oils complying with the standards. 
All edible oils are easily digested and furnish 
heat and energy with small effort on the part of the 
body. They spare the carbohydrates and so indi- 
rectly may be fattening; besides their nutritive 
value and easy digestibility, they serve as a mild, 
natural laxative. 

TESTED OLIVE OILS, ETC. 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Acker, Merrall and Condit Company, New York City. 

* Olive Oil. 

Artaud, J. B., and A. Freres, Marseilles, France. 

* Pure Olive Oil. 

Barton and Guestier, Bordeaux, France, 

* Olive Oil. 



OLIVE OILS, ETC. 155 

Calvet and Company, Water Street, New York, N. Y. 

* Huile d 'Olive. 

Campbell Company, Boston, Mass. 

(D) Campbell's Kooking Oil. {Chiefly a cottonseed 
oil with some olive oil and possibly a little corn 
oil. Extravagant claims as to being a blend of 
fruit and vegetable oils, producing a product 
more healthy than lard or butter. Claims not 
to compete with cottonseed oil when it is 
largely cottonseed.) 

Castle, The W. A., Company, Springfield, Mass. 

* Cream Olive Oil. 
Chiris, Antoine, Grasse, France. 

* Huile d 'Olive, Surfine, U. S. P. 

Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

* Pure Olive Oil, Imported. (A bland light oil, 

authentic but not as rich in color and flavor 
as the other starred products.) 

Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. 

* Olive Oil, Pure, Imported. 

Maspero, C, Inc., (Packers) — Lucca, Italy. 

(N) Lucca Olive Oil, Extra Fine. (Short measure 
and slightly below standard requirements in 
some particulars, though no adulterants could 
be identified.) 
Mentoni Company, The, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Italian Olive Oil, Rudelco Brand. (Good qual- 
ity, but short weight.) 



156 1001 TESTS 



Pompeian Company, Washington, D. C. 

*k Olive Oil, Pompeian Brand. (Good, but noi quite 
so rich in flavor as some other brands.) 

Rae, S., and Company, Leghorn. 
ik Lucca Oil, Finest Sublime. 

Southern Cotton Oil Company, 24 Broad Street, New 
York, N. Y. 
* Wesson Snowdrift Oil. (A good cottonseed oil 
properly labeled.) 



XVI 
PEESEEVES, PICKLES, ETC. 

PEESEEVES, jams, and jellies are much more 
liable to be compounded and adulterated than 
are the canned goods which depend simply upon 
sterilization for their preservation and are not 
mixtures. The housekeeper should read the label 
on all preserves very carefully. Artificial coloring 
and chemical preservatives, glucose, instead of 
sugar, the use of more sugar than fruit, giving a 
characterless product, and the mixing of fruit 
residues with apple are all faults to be looked out 
for with this class of products. Fruits that have 
already done service in making jelly may be used 
again in preserves and some times phosphoric acid 
and citric acid are added to make up for the lacking 
flavor of the fresh fruit. Careful label reading 
will go far to protect the housewife on these points. 
While, of course, entirely wholesome products 
may be made by using apples or apple juice for the 
foundation and merely flavoring it with other 
fruits, these are not of high quality and if they con- 
sist principally of apple juice they should be 

157 



158 1001 TESTS 



labeled apple jelly or jam, flavored with raspberry, 
or strawberry. They have no right to the title 
"raspberry jam" when they consist principally of 
apple, a much cheaper fruit. Whenever the word 
"compound" appears upon the label it is a signal 
of distress. These compounds uniformly contain 
cheaper ingredients than the straight product 
which they are intended to replace. In other 
words, the term is usually a synonym for adultera- 
tion. Compound preserves, as a rule, consist 
largely of glucose and derive what little fruit fla- 
vor they have from apple and the residues of other 
fruits. Compounding is simply cheapening a 
product with a view to deception and the preserve 
and jam should represent the pure type of its re- 
spective kind, if quality is to be attained. 

Alum, a substance of very dubious healthful- 
ness, sometimes used to give crispness, and cop- 
per sulphate to give a vivid green color, are to be 
avoided in pickles. All of the products certified 
in this list contain a due amount of the fresh fruit 
from which the product is named, give fair weight 
and are free from glucose, preservatives, and 
added color. Reading the label carefully is al- 
most a sure protection on these points. 



PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC. 159 



TESTED PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC. 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Acker, Merrall and Condit Company, New York City. 

* Currant Jelly, Black. 

* Currant Jelly, Red. 

American Fruit Product Company, Rochester, N. Y. 
(N) Clarendon Brand Blackberry and Apple Pure 
Jam. (No distinctive flavor, probably should 
be labeled "Apple and Blackberry." No glu- 
cose present; a cheap, harmless product but not 
of "star" quality.) 

Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Red Raspberry Preserves. 

* Preserved Damsons. 

Beech-Nut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y. 

* Currant Jelly. 

* Grape, Concord, Jam. 

* Grape Fruit Marmalade. 

* Quince Jelly. 

* Strawberry Jam. 

Cresca Company, New York City. 

(N) Pistachios. (13 per cent, of glucose was present 
in the syrup in which these nuts were packed; 
should have been declared on the label.) 

* Rose Leaves. (A jam.) 



160 1001 TESTS 



Crosse and Blackwell, London, England. 

* Apricot, Fresh Fruit Jam. 
*k Chow Chow. 

* Gooseberry, Fresh Fruit Jam. 

* Marmalade, Pure Orange. 

* Mixed Pickle. 

* Strawberry, Fresh Fruit Jam. 
Cruikshanks Brothers Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

(N) Apple and Currant Jelly. (No distinctive flavor. 
Correctly labeled as it is probably an apple 
jelly, slightly flavored with currant. No glu- 
cose. A cheap, harmless product, but not of 
"star" quality.) 
Curtice Brothers Company, Rochester, N. Y. 

(D) Blackberries, Preserved. (Preserved with sodium 
benzoate.) 

(D) Pineapple Marmalade, with 10 per cent. Apple 
Juice. 

(D) Quince, Fresh Fruit Jam with 10 per cent. Apple 
Juice. 

(D) Strawberry, Fresh Fruit Jam with 10 per cent. 
Apple Juice. 

(D) Raspberry, Fresh Fruit Jam with 10 per cent. 
Apple Juice. 

(Last four products contain approximately ten 
per cent, of "corn syrup" (glucose), ten per 
cent, of apple juice and one-tenth of one per 
cent, of benzoate of soda, all declared on the 
label.) 



PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC. 161 

Ehman Olive Company, Oroville, Cal. 
^r California Ehman Ripe Olives. 

Gordon and Dilworth, New York, N. Y. 

* Orange Marmalade, Pure Fruit Jam, 

* Pineapple, Pure Fruit Jam. 
"At Raspberry, Pure Fruit Jam. 

("Absolutely pure" claim objectionable as al- 
ways.) 

Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

* Currant Jelly. 

ir Euchred Pickle, sweet. 

* Strawberry Preserves. 
Humbert and Andrews, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

* Raspberry Jam, Acme Brand. 

* Strawberry Jam, Acme Pure. 

Jefferson Pickle Company, Richmond, Va. 

(N) Sweet Gherkins. F. F. V. Crystallized Pickles. 
(Pickles somewhat tough and shriveled.) 

Kidd, Mrs. E. G., Richmond, Va. 

* Pin Money Pickles — Gherkins. 

Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Raspberry Preserves. 

Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. 
-k Queen Olives. 

* Red Raspberry Preserves. 

* Pure Strawberry Preserves. 

* Sweet Midgets. 



162 1001 TESTS 



Morehouse Mills, Chicago and Los Angeles. 
Mrs. Morehouse's Pure Fruit Jellies. 

(N) Crabapple. 

(N) Currant and Apple. 

(N) Grape and Apple. 

(N) Raspberry and Apple. 

(Considered misbranded as there is 30 per cent, 
of apple juice present and only 20 per cent, of 
the fruit from which the product takes its name, 
according to declaration on the label. Should 
be labeled " apple jelly flavored with grape, cur- 
rant, etc. Flavor due to the special fruit 
named very slight.) 

Olney Canning Company, Burt, Oneida, N. Y. 

* Strawberries, Burt Olney's. 

Pratt-Low Preserving Company, Santa Clara, Cal. 

* Green Gage Plums. 

Robertson Preserve Company, James, The, West Som- 
erville, Boston, Mass. 

* Golden Shred Pure Orange Marmalade. 



xvn 

SUGAKS AND SACCHAEINE PEODUCTS 

THE principal sugar of commerce is known as 
sucrose. It is produced almost exclusively 
from the sugar beet and the sugar cane. The 
quantity made from the sugar beet, considering 
the world's production, is considerably greater 
than that made from sugar cane. Chemically, the 
sugar from the sugar beet and that from the sugar 
cane are identical, but this is only true when both 
are pure. Eaw sugars from the cane and from 
the beet differ most markedly. Eaw cane sugars 
are aromatic, good tasting, good smelling and de- 
licious. Eaw beet sugars are soapy, bad smelling, 
bad tasting, and unedible. These differences are 
caused by the natural differences in the ingredi- 
ents of the cane and the beet. The sugar beet con- 
tains large quantities of potash. When heated 
the potash unites with the fatty and oily matters 
present in the beet and produces soaps of a bad 
smelling and tasting character. The potash salts 
themselves are bitter. The juice of the sugar cane 
contains very little mineral matter and no un- 

163 



164 '1001 TESTS 



savory products are formed when they are sub- 
jected to heat. The natural aromatic substances 
of the cane give rise to pleasant odors about a 
cane factory, while just the opposite obtains at a 
beet factory. It is sometimes possible to distin- 
guish a refined beet sugar from cane sugar by 
its odor, especially if it is kept in a closed con- 
tainer. 

The pure granulated sugars made from the 
sugar beet and sugar cane are equally useful for 
domestic purposes. Some manufacturers and 
housewives prefer cane sugar for the making of 
cake, preserves, jams, jellies, etc., and also cane 
sugar is preferred by many confectioners. For 
ordinary sweetening purposes, however, for coffee, 
tea, etc., there is no difference between a pure 
high grade cane sugar and a pure high grade beet 
sugar. In the United States the sugars which are 
consumed are chiefly cane; in a consumption of 
four million tons only about seven hundred thou- 
sand tons are derived from the beet. 

Invert sugar, which comprises almost the whole 
of honey, and a considerable portion of molasses 
and syrups, is a mixture of two sugars obtained 
from cane or beet sugar by a process which is 
known as inversion. Invert sugar is sweeter than 
sucrose itself and is more difficult to crystallize, 



SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 163 

hence, it is an ideal constituent of honeys, syrups 
and molasses. 

The white sugars of commerce are practically all 
of a very high grade, being 99.5 per cent, pure and 
over. The remainder consists of ash and mois- 
ture. Low grade sugars have almost disappeared 
from the American market. We still have a few 
brown sugars which represent the second and third 
grades of the refinery. These brown sugars con- 
tain considerable quantities of moisture and ash, 
and also a little invert sugar. They are preferred 
for some purposes, in cooking and candy-making, 
to the pure white sugars. 

Pure white sugars come in three forms, namely, 
cut or loaf sugars, granulated sugar and powdered 
sugar. These are all practically of equal grade. 
There are certain forms of lump sugar that are 
very carefully crystallized and broken, such, for 
instance, as crystal domino, that sell for a much 
higher price than the ordinary granulated sugars. 
These high price sugars, however, do not have any 
greater sweetening power than those ordinarily 
found upon the market. 

A great many people do not understand the dif- 
ference between molasses and syrups. There is a 
distinct commercial difference recognized. Mo- 
lasses is a by-product of sugar-making, in other 



166 1001 TESTS 



words, after the sugar lias crystallized the residual 
liquid portions are separated and constitute the 
molasses. Molasses is found in three different 
grades, namely, firsts, seconds, and thirds or black- 
strap ; meaning the product from the first, second 
and third crystallizations respectively. The mo- 
lasses is separated by a machine known as a cen- 
trifugal, but in the early days of sugar-making the 
molasses was separated by gravity, leaving a 
brown sugar of rich and aromatic character and 
producing a molasses of the finest quality. This 
old fashioned New Orleans molasses is no longer 
obtainable in the markets. 

Syrups are the product of the direct condensa- 
tion of the expressed juices of the sugar-producing 
plants without the separation of any sugar. The 
only treatment which syrups should receive is that 
of cleansing during the process of evaporation. 
Thus the sap of the maple when evaporated to a 
proper consistency produces maple syrup. The 
same is true of the sap of the sugar cane and of 
sorghum. These three kinds of syrup are prac- 
tically the only natural syrups on the market. In 
addition to these, a large class of so-called syrups 
is made by mixing. The base of the mixture is 
usually glucose, incorrectly called "corn syrup." 
Glucose can be made of potatoes, as well as of In- 



SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 167 

dian corn and if it is to be called a syrup at all it 
should be called either corn starch syrup or potato 
starch syrup, as the case may be. According to 
the standards fixed by the Secretary of Agricul- 
ture, according to law, the term " syrup" unquali- 
fied signifies only the concentrated sap or juice of 
a sugar-producing plant. The mixing of syrups 
is more or less misleading in character ; as an ex- 
ample, the following may be cited. Glucose in its 
natural state is never sold nor used as a table 
syrup. The so-called refiners' syrup, which is 
the last liquid product of the refinery, has such a 
salty taste, and such a peculiar flavor, acquired 
during the process of manufacture, as to be prac- 
tically inedible. A large business is done in this 
country by mixing glucose with refiner's syrup or 
sugar syrup and selling them as a table syrup 
under various fancy names, such as Karo, Velva, 
etc. 

There are many mixtures of maple syrup with 
other syrups, especially sugar syrup. In some 
States the percentages of the mixtures are 
required to be named upon the label. This should 
be the case everywhere. The quantity of maple 
syrup employed is usually extremely minute, 
scarcely sufficient to give the definite maple flavor, 
yet such syrups are sold under such a guise as to 



168 1001 TESTS 



indicate to the consumer that they are largely the 
product of maple. The pure food law has proved 
to be a great protection to the buyers of maple and 
other syrups, but it is not as complete a protection 
as could be hoped. The consumer who goes into a 
grocery store to-day and asks for syrup is not very 
apt to get an article which properly bears that 
name. He is more likely to secure a mixture of 
different kinds of syrups than to secure a pure 
cane, maple or sorghum product. 

The use of sulphur fumes in clarifying saccha- 
rine juices and of solutions of salts of tin in 
whitening sugar in the centrifugal machines, in- 
troduces into the residual molasses these two ob- 
jectionable products. Any notable quantity of 
these products, especially of sulphur dioxide would 
lead to the placing of the article in the noncom- 
mittal or disapproved classes. With misgivings, 
I have starred samples of molasses containing not 
over 0.007 per cent, of sulphur dioxide, according 
them the lowest rating for a ' 1 star ' ' product, to this 
extent overlooking this minute amount of sulphur 
dioxide, because of the otherwise exceptionally 
good qualities of the product and the condition of 
the trade and official rulings on this point. 

Honey is composed almost exclusively of invert 
sugar, which is gathered by bees from flowers and 



SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 169 

stored in the comb. The temptation to adulterate, 
especially the strained honeys, is great, inasmuch 
as the addition of glucose, of a syrup made from 
invert sugar, or of pure cane sugar syrup can be 
profitably practiced. These forms of adultera- 
tion, however, are easily detected by the chemist 
and the practice is much less prevalent than was 
formerly the case. 

TESTED SUGARS AND SACCHARINE 
PRODUCTS 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Adirondacks Maple Company, Lowville, Lewis County, 
N. Y. 

(N) Pride of the Ad-i-ron-daeks Maple Syrup. 
(Claims to be "absolutely pure." The ash 
and other distinctive determinations were either 
below the average data established for first-class 
syrups or even below the minimum. A "bor- 
der-line" product.) 
American Sugar Refining Company. 

*k Crystal Domino Sugar. 

'A: Crystal Domino Confectioner's Sugar. 

^r Crystal Domino Granulated Extra Fine Sugar. 

*k Crystal Domino Powdered Sugar. 

* Crystal Domino Cane Sugar Syrup. {Largely in- 



170 1001 TESTS 



vert sugar with probably a little refiner's 
syrup.) 

Corn Products Refining Company, New York, N. Y. 
(D) Karo, Dark Colored. (Largely glucose, with ap- 
proximately 10 to 15 per cent, of refiner's 
syrup, the last product of the sugar refinery. 
Not a true edible syrup, as it consists largely 
of dextrin, which is not a sugar at all, and 
the standards and usage require that an edible 
syrup should be a sugar or saccharine product. 
Not a (( corn syrup" but a {< corn starch syrup," 
or commercial glucose flavored with refiner's 
syrup.) 
(D) Karo, Light Colored. (Consists largely of glu- 
cose and approximately 10 per cent, of sugar 
syrup and flavoring material, vanilla. The 
comment made above applies to this product 
also.) 

Duff, P., and Sons, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

* New Orleans Molasses. (Minute quantities of 

sulphur dioxide and tin present.) 

Hearn and Jones, New Orleans, La. 

* Woman's Club Brand, Pure Molasses. (Minute 

quantities of sulphur dioxide and tin present.) 
Humbert and Andrews, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

* Acme Brand Pure Strained Honey. 

Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Premier Brand Strained Honey. 



SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 171 

Leslie-Durham and Company. 

(N) Leslie's Maple Syrup. (A border line product, 
mineral ingredients are too low for a first-class 
maple syrup; either a very poor run or a mix- 
ture.) 
Love, J. S., Hattiesburg, Miss. 

* Pure Cane Molasses. (Really a high grade cane 

syrup, incorrectly called molasses.) 

New England Maple Syrup Company, Boston, Mass. 

* Golden Tree Pure Honey. 

(N) Vermont Maple Sap Syrup. (A border line 
product. Claims "choicest quality, absolutely 
pure," which it is not. May have been the last 
run of the sap, or the product of a poor sea- 
son.) 

Park and Tilford, New York, N. Y. 

* Amber Syrup. (A pure sugar solution. Term 

"amber" slightly misleading, as there is a rec- 
ognized variety of sorghum syrup bearing that 
name.) 
Penick and Ford, New Orleans, La. 

* Yelva Brand Breakfast Syrup. (Green label.) 
(D) Yelva Syrup. (A mixed glucose and cane syrup, 

glucose being the main ingredient (40 per 
cent.). Contains more sucrose than Earo but 
the same type of product. A sub-label declares 
the presence of "corn syrup." Misleading be- 
cause "Yelva Brand" breakfast syrup is a true 



172 1001 TESTS 



syrup while this is a cheap mixture sold under 
the same brand name.) 

Stromeyer, J., and Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 

°k Stromeyer Brand "Penn Mar" of Fancy Table 
Syrup. (A good sugar syrup with a little high 
grade refiner's syrup added; generally extrav- 
agant claims made for its fame and delicious- 
ness.) 

Towle Maple Products Company, St. Johnsbury, Vt. 
(D) Log Cabin Syrup. {Barely flavored with maple. 
Analysis shows almost none present. The 
Towle process appears to "mellow and preserve 
the delicate maple flavor" chiefly by exclud- 
ing the maple. Claim appears to be decidedly 
misleading though statement is made on label 
"Made of pure cane sugar and maple sugar.") 

Vagt, R., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

-fa Emerson Brand Pure Honey. 
Vermont Maple Sugar Maker's Market, Randolph, Ver- 
mont. 
(N) Vermont Maple Syrup. (A border line product, 
deficient in the mineral substances, which are 
characteristic of a true, high-grade maple 
syrup.) 

Welch Brothers Maple Company, Burlington, Vt. 
(N) Vermont Maple Syrup. {A border line product, 
deficient in the mineral substances, character- 
istic of a high-grade maple syrup.) 



XVIII 

TOILET ARTICLES 

COLD CREAMS 

MANY are the inquiries received concerning 
the relative merits of cold creams, the beau- 
tifying claims made for them, the best types to be 
used, which ones will grow hair on the face and 
which will not, presence of harmful ingredients, 
etc. 

There are three principal types of cold creams; 
first, the grease creams, which have a base of 
petroleum or vaseline, with a little wax and sper- 
maceti, which is the commonest type; second, the 
greaseless or "vanishing" creams which consist 
chiefly of glycerin and soap ; and third, the casein 
preparations, such as the Pompeian cream. If 
the massaging with cold creams causes hair to 
grow on the face it is due to the stimulation of the 
circulation rather than to the grease. This theory 
has led nearly all makers of face creams loudly to 
denounce their competitors' products, as "Hair- 
growing creams," while declaring that their own 
will "not promote the growth of down on the 

173 



174 1001 TESTS 



face. " It is safe to say that one is no more harm- 
ful than another in this particular. It cannot be 
said that any one type is any better than another 
in general. The selection of a cold cream depends 
entirely upon the needs of the individual skin, the 
climate (dry high altitudes, wind and dust, calling 
especially for such massage), amount of outdoor 
exercise and exposure, etc. For some skins 
glycerin is agreeable and soothing and for others it 
is not. This is something which must be deter- 
mined by experiment. The chief objections to 
these products are the altogether ridiculous claims 
made for them. It is well enough to cleanse the 
pores of the skin thoroughly by massage with a 
cold cream, thus offsetting the drying or roughen- 
ing effects of wind and weather, stimulating the 
circulation and rendering the flesh more firm. 
Further than this they have no efficacy ; they will 
not " rejuvenate the countenance ' ' nor perform 
any miracles of healing, nor will they "overcome 
pimples or eruptions," which are nearly always 
due to the general health and condition of the 
blood. Where such claims were very misleading, 
the product has been disapproved, which does not 
mean that it is harmful in itself. Many of these 
creams contain some boric acid as an antiseptic, 
perfume, water, soap, etc. The peroxide creams, 



TOILET ARTICLES 175 

so-called, are usually misbranded, owing to the fact 
that the peroxide, even if it has been added in good 
faith, as is sometimes the case, is present in such 
unstable form that it quickly decomposes and loses 
its efficiency. None is found in the finished prod- 
uct, and therefore, no bleaching effect will be pro- 
duced by the majority of the creams as found on 
the market. 

It has been established in the courts in connec- 
tion with a case brought against Sartoin, a so- 
called "skin food," that this claim is not permis- 
sible and that you cannot feed the skin by external 
applications. The skin must be fed by assimilation 
from within. In the Notice of Judgment published 
in regard to this product, the statement was made 
that "there is no such thing as a 'skin food' sep- 
arate and apart from a food that nourishes all 
parts of the body"; "said article and preparation 
could not possibly be a food under any circum- 
stances." This particular product, incidentally, 
consisted of epsom salts, colored pink and was of- 
fered as a skin food, whereas many of the bath 
mixtures offered as reduction cures, have the same 
constituent. Strange that the same preparation 
should reduce the weight under one label and 
"feed the tissues" under another. This is a good 
example of the foolish conflicting claims made for 



176 1001 TESTS 



these simple preparations. " Madame Yale's" 
skin food was 76 per cent, vaseline, mixed with 
fixed oil and zinc oxide, perfumed and colored pink. 
The courts declared that the statement: "It is 
soothing in its effect on the skin, healing as a 
magic balm and fattening in its qualities" was 
false and misleading in that "the said drug is sim- 
ply an ordinary ointment." It is strange in the 
face of these, facts that the makers of cold creams 
will continue to make such obviously false claims 
for their harmless, simple products. 

The following is the pharmacopceial formula for 
a cold cream, which any one can have put up at a 
drug store; or a petrolatum product may be 
bought in bulk as used by the theatrical profession, 
much more cheaply than when bought in small 
fancy packages. 

Ointment of Rose Water 

Spermaceti 125 grams. 

White Wax 120 " 

Expressed Oil of Almond 560 

Sodium Borate 5 * ' 

Stronger Rose Water 190 " 



To make about (2 lbs. 3 oz.) . 1000 grams. 

The only really dangerous products among the 
cold creams are the so-called freckle creams, which 



TOILET ARTICLES 177 

contain ammoniated mercury, a poisonous ingredi- 
ent which causes the skin to peel and takes the 
freckle with it. The different types of cold creams 
have been indicated in the list for the guidance of 
the buyer. 

TESTED TOILET PREPARATIONS * 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

COLD CREAMS 

American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. 
(D) A. D. S. Antiseptic Shaving Cream. (Consists of 
a semi-liquid soap containing a small amount 
of benzaldehyde and glycerin. Extravagant 
claims decrying soap, when it is merely a soap 
preparation. Antiseptic value slight.) 
(D) Peredixo Cream. (Soap, water and starch; no 
peroxide found. Claims to be "The original 
Peroxide Cream," and to contain "peredixo," 
a great healing agent, unwarranted.) 
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Creme Luxor. (The usual type of "vanishing" 
cream containing glycerin and soap. A good 
product still handicapped with extravagant 

* These are in no sense complete statements of analyses ; only 
the most essential and characteristic ingredients are mentioned. 



178 1001 TESTS 



claims such as "rejuvenates" "healing/' 
though former labels implying "skin nourish- 
ment" have been withdrawn. 
(N) Luxor Cold Cream. (A white petrolatum and 
wax product, of good quality, perfumed; mis- 
leading statements to the effect that it is "un- 
equaled," "soothes all irritations of the skin/ 9 
"rejuvenates," etc., still remain, though the 
"skin food" claims, etc., have been withdrawn.) 

B. H. Company, The, Boston, Mass. 

* Priscilla Parsons Cold Cream. (Consists of white 

petrolatum, wax, and boric acid perfumed, 
"for general use.") 

* Priscilla Parsons Liquid Cream. (Borax, stearic 

acid and glycerin, perfumed; "A skin cleanser 
for tourists"; no misleading claims. Good 
products and dignified labeling.) 

Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Cold Cream. (Fat, petrolatum, wax, soap, and 

perfume. Claim that it is "unequaled" is not 
warranted.) 
Crane, James C, 108 Fulton Street, New York, N. Y. 

* Creme Elcaya. (A good glycerin and soap prod- 

uct, perfumed. Statement that it "will not pro- 
mote growth of hair like the usual cold creams" 
is objectionable; "renders skin soft, white and 
beautiful" is also mildly extravagant.) 



TOILET ARTICLES 179 

Daggett and Ramsdell, New York, N. Y. 

* Perfect Cold Cream. (Fat, wax, petrolatum, soap 

and perfume. Typical of a good grease cream. 
Superlative statements that it is "unequaled 
for massage" — "The best of all applications," 
etc., unwarranted.) 

De Meridor Company, The, New York and Paris. 
(D) Creme de Meridor. (The soap and glycerin 
type, perfumed, containing 73 per cent, of 
water, no fat or wax. Impossible claims as to 
stimulating and nourishing the shin, and over- 
coming sallowness, freckles, eruptions, etc.; un- 
warranted inference that greasy creams deaden 
and injure the shin. Revision of claims in 
progress.) 

Espey, J. E., Chicago, 111. 

* Fragrant Cream, Espey 's. (A very pleasing glyc- 

erin and Irish moss compound borated. Ex- 
treme quality claims and use of superlatives 
are deprecated. Said to be the "only perfect 
substitute for glycerin," when it contains glyc- 
erin.) 
Fay, C, Paris. 

(N) Creme Imperatrice. (A saponifiable fat, colored 
pinh and perfumed, containing some zinc ozid& 
and bismuth subcarbonate. Absurd claims as 
to preventing and concealing wrinkles and 
freckles. No special advantage over cold cream 
for general use, as claimed.) 



180 1001 TESTS 



Franco-American Hygienic Company, Chicago, 111. 
(N) Hygienic Creme Eogiene. (A good glycerin 
preparation containing boric acid, soap and 
water. Meaningless claims that it will "impart 
a transparent effect not achievable by any other 
treatment.") 

Gannon, E. M., Woodside, N. J., or W. M. Willett, San 
Francisco, Cal. 

(D) Wakelees Camelline. (A suspension of bismuth 
subcarbonate, and calcium carbonate in rose 
water, colored pink. Extravagant claims that 
it will "remove eruptions, sallowness, restore 
the color of youth, preserve the teeth from de- 
cay," — "a new discovery," etc.) 
Gill6, E., 1 Hamilton Grange, New York. 

(D) Almond Skin Food. (Saponifiable fat with al- 
mond perfume. Had become rancid; name not 
warranted, in any respect. Improbable that 
true almond is used and there is no such thing 
as "a skin food.") 

* Disappearing Cream. (The usual soap and glyc- 
erin compound with boric acid and perfume.) 

(N) Lemon Cleansing Cream, 

(N) Strawberry Beauty Cream. 

(Fair quality; saponifiable fat, perfumed 
with lemon in one case and colored with co- 
chineal in the other.) 



TOILET ARTICLES 181 

Graham, Mrs. Gervaise, 1475 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 
111. 

(D) Kosmeo. (Saponifiable fat and perfume. Of 
only ordinary quality; claims that "It has no 
equal/' "keeps the skin fine grained," not per- 
missible.) 

Hinds, A. S., Portland, Me. 

(N) Honey and Almond Cream. (A good glycerin 
and soap preparation, containing borax and al- 
cohol; amounts of honey and almond are neg- 
ligible in the finished product. Could not be 
found by the chemist though certified to be 
added in small amounts. Considered mis- 
branded for this reason.) 

Hubert, Professor, Toledo, Ohio. 

(D) Hubert's Malvina. (One of the dangerous 
freckle creams, contains ammoniated mercury 
(a poisonous salt), mineral oil and fat; is of- 
fered for saltrheum, ring worm, etc., as well as 
for freckles and falling hair.) 

Imperatrix Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Imperatrix Skin-Cream. (Perfumed lanolin (fat 
from sheep's wool) especially absorbent. 
Claims as to efficiency for beautifying the skin, 
treatment for pimples, black heads, etc., mildly 
objectionable.) 

Johnson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, Wis. 

(D) Palmolive Cream. (Petrolatum, wax, saponi- 



18£ 1001 TESTS 



fidble fat, boric acid and perfume. Most ex- 
treme claims are made as to its nutritious prop- 
erties, "an actual body food acting like magic, 
healing in a night." Name also misleading as 
it contains little if any palm and olive oils. The 
claims, however, are impossible regardless of its 
composition.) 

Keeler, Charles C, Atlantic City, N. J. 

(D) Superior Cold Cream. (A petrolatum, wax, and 
saponifiable fat product, perfumed with rose 
geranium. The claims that it is "The cream 
that is different/' "is superior to all others for 
massage purposes/ 9 "feeds the tissues and pre- 
vents wrinkles," "is the only thorough cleanser 
on the market/ 9 are not warranted in any par- 
ticular.) 

Lyon Manufacturing Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

(D) Hagan's Magnolia Balm. (A glycerin, zinc oxide 
and water lotion. Claims to be a "secret aid 
to beauty, restore the bloom of youth to faded 
cheeks, resist the ravages of time, eradicate 
freckles, eruptions, etc."; could do none of 
these things, obviously. 

Marietta Stanley Company, Grand Rapids, Mich. 

(N) "Sempre Giovine" (Always Young). {A solid 
cake made of a mixture of palm and other oils 
for massage purposes. Formerly very ex- 
travagant claims were made for this product, 



TOILET ARTICLES 183 

which have been notably moderated. The name 
itself is somewhat objectionable, as no massage 
medium is a ({ fountain of eternal youth.") 

Plexo Preparations Inc., New York and Paris. 

*k Plexo Cleansing Cream. (Unsaponifiable oil with 
wax, perfumed. General claims only mildly ex- 
aggerated.) 
(N) Plexo Greaseless Cream. (Stearic acid, soap, 
glycerin, borax, and perfume, not entirely 
greaseless, therefore not a "perfect vanishing 
cream." Could not give "healthy, natural 
color and glow," as claimed.) 

Pompeian Manufacturing Company, 28 Prospect Street, 
Cleveland, Ohio. 

* Massage Cream. (Moist casein with benzaldehyde, 

benzoic acid, and a harmless pink dye. Mod- 
erate claims made based chiefly on the value of 
the massage. A stiff greaseless product.) 
Pond's Extract Company, Clinton, Conn. 

* Vanishing Cream. (A typical well compounded, 

glycerin and soap preparation, perfumed.) 
Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 12 E. 23rd street, New York, N. Y. 
(D) Van-Ola. (Zinc oxide, mineral oil, wax, fatty 
oil. Claims to be the "Finest compound 
known," to "cure pimples," etc.; composition 
does not warrant claims.) 

* Dr. Pray's Gloria-Lily Lotion. (A preparation 

of glycerin, boric acid, Irish moss and aromatic 



184 1001 TESTS 



balsam. Slightly extravagant claims as to cur- 
ing sunburn, rough dry skin, etc.) 
Pura Manufacturing Company, Lancaster, Pa. 

(D) Almond Dulce Hymettus Honey Cream. (Free 
fat and stearic acid, held as an emulsion with 
soap, water and probably gum; borax and in- 
vert sugar present, perfumed with benzalde- 
hyde and other oils. Nothing in composition to 
warrant the claim that it is a very quick amd 
efficient remedy for burns, scalds and skin 
eruptions. Its antiseptic action is slight and 
honey and almond present in very small 
amounts if at all.) 

Rose Petal Wrinkle Cream Company, Ridgefield Park, 

N. J. 

(D) Rose Petal "Wrinkle Cream. (Two ounces of a 
soft grease perfumed with rose geranium and 
sold for one dollar. Would have no special 
value in il preventing wrinkles," or in "keep- 
ing the complexion fresh and youthful as com- 
pared with any cold cream.") 
Royal Manufacturing Company, Toledo, Ohio. 

(D) Rex Wrinkle Pencil. (Consists of petrolatum, 
wax and saponifiable fat like lard or stearin. 
No special efficacy for "sallow complexion," 
"large pores," etc.) 

Simon, J., Faubourg St. Martin, 59, Paris. 

* Creme Simon. (Zinc omde, glycerin, and per- 



TOILET ARTICLES 185 

fume. Mildly objectionable claims, such as 
"unrivaled for care of skin/' etc.) 
Stillman's Freckle Cream Co., Aurora, Ills. 

(D) Stillman's Freckle Cream. (Another of the ob- 
jectionable freckle creams containing ammoni- 
aied mercury. ) 

To-Kalon Manufacturing Company, Inc., New York, 
London and Paris. 
(D) Creme Tokalon. (This cream consists of water, 
glycerin, boric acid and considerable free fatty 
acids, probably a mixture of stearic and pal- 
mitic with a little gummy substance, possibly 
Irish moss. No soap is present and no oils or 
fats. A good glycerin preparation with im- 
possible claims, such as "Possesses astonishing 
properties for quickly restoring the appearance 
of youth," "Meets all the requirements of both 
health and beauty/' "After one application 
over night will produce most astonishing re- 
sults/' etc.) 



HAIR TONICS, SHAMPOOS, ETC. 

Few hair tonics are injurious, but fewer still can 
fulfill the claims that are made for them. A hair 
tonic is usually an alcoholic solution of some of the 
bodies (such as resorcin, cantharides, and pilo- 
carpin), believed to have some stimulative effect 
on the scalp. They owe their efficiency in no small 
degree to the massage with which they are applied. 
In hair health, as in body health, the treatment 
must be fitted to the conditions and therein lies the 
weakness of all such generalized treatments. The 
health of the hair depends to a great extent upon 
the health of the body, nervous condition, circula- 
tion of the blood, etc., and where this is the case, 
obviously external treatment is only palliative. It 
cannot cure. One person's hair may be too dry 
and another too oily. Is it common sense to apply 
the same treatment to both? In one case a little 
carbolated vaseline massaged into the scalp might 
be of more benefit than a drying alcoholic tonic. 
The stimulative principles, when they are expen- 
sive, are usually present in very small amounts. 
We are not going into the hair tonic business, but 
suggest the following formula put up with water 

186 



TOILET ARTICLES 187 

instead of alcohol, as one having general stimula- 
tive principles: Pilocarpin nitrate, 1 gram; re- 
sorcin, 25 grams ; water, 500 grams. 

As for the various shampoo powders which de- 
pend upon washing soda and borax to dry out the 
hair and give the fluffy effect promised, they must 
certainly be injurious if their use is long contin- 
ued. They are expensive and the claims made 
for them are not true. Nearly all of the tonics 
claiming to "restore the color of the hair" with- 
out dyeing it depend upon the interaction of lead 
acetate and sulphur to brown the hair. Lead 
acetate is a poisonous salt and while the actual 
injury done will vary with the individual suscep- 
tibility, the extent to which the tonic is used, etc., 
it cannot be considered a legitimate ingredient of 
a product to be rubbed into the scalp. 

Black hair dyes frequently contain nitrate of 
silver, which while less poisonous than lead, is still 
dangerous when used by the inexperienced. Seri- 
ous consequences frequently follow the constant 
use of such products, the damage varying with the 
individual susceptibility. No hair dyes can be 
recommended. As one eminent dermatologist has 
said, "The only sensible thing to do with gray hair 
is to admire it. ' ' Dyeing is unesthetic, as well as 
unhygienic. The hair soon becomes dead and 



188 1001 TESTS 



dingy in color and repeated applications of the dye 
must be made, so that the results are undesirable 
from the standpoint of beauty, as well as from 
that of cleanliness and health. 

TESTED HAIR TONICS, SHAMPOOS, ETC.* 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (IV) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Alexander and Mendes, New York, N. Y. 

* Brilliantine (Carnation). (Merely an unsaponi- 

fiable oil, perfumed with cloves. Harmless but 
no lasting efficacy.) 
American Druggists Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. 

* A. D. S. Liquid Shampoo. (A liquid soap contain- 

ing about 60 per cent, of water.) 

Empress Manufacturing Company, New York City. 
(D) Empress Improved Instantaneous Hair Color 
Restorer. (A solution of paratoluylene diamine 
with sodium sulphite and sodium hydroxide. 
Ammonium persulphate is also present. One 
of the least objectionable anilin dyes but could 
not be guaranteed to be noninjurious in all 
cases. 'Statement that it is "absolutely harm- 
less" and "perfectly hygienic" could not be 
guaranteed for this or any other hair dye. Is 
not a "color restorer" but a dye.) 

* These are in no sense complete statements of analyses ; only 
the most essential and characteristic ingredients are mentioned. 



TOILET ARTICLES 189 

Gille, E., 1 Hamilton Grange, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Dandruff Salve. (Fat perfumed with oil of 
cloves. No special claims made; of no more 
value than any good vaseline.) 

(D) Shampoo (Spun Gold). 

(D) Tonic (Spun Gold). 

(A deliberate deception, as the shampoo is es- 
pecially stated to be not a bleach, which is 
true, but the accompanying "tonic" is nothing 
more nor less than the regular bleach, peroxide, 
containing acetanilid.) 

Giroux Manufacturing Company, Buffalo, N. Y. 

* Parisian Sage Hair Tonic. (No harmful ingre- 
dients present. Contains glycerin, capsicum 
and very little sage, name hardly justified. 
Small amounts of resorcin and cantharides in- 
dicated. The claims made in the advertising 
material are moderate, as they should be.) 

Hall, R. P., and Company, Nashua, N. H. 

(N) Hall's Hair Renewer. (No lead and true to 
label. Moderate claims made, "For the treat- 
ment of falling hair," etc., but "Restores hair 
in the majority of cases," too strong for any 
hair tonic.) 

Hiscox Chemical Works, Patchogue, N. Y. 

(D) Parker's Hair Balsam. (A solution of lead 
acetate with suspended sulphur. The lead salt 
is poisonous.) 



190 1001 TESTS 



Johnson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, Wis. 

(N) Palm-Olive Shampoo. (No constituent found 
which justified the name. Soap and glycerin 
present with alcohol as declared.) 

Lavox Company, The, Chicago, 111. 

(D) Lavox Shampoo powder. (Soap and borax. 
Claims that it does not make the hair dry and 
brittle and should be used once a week and 
does not destroy the oil of the scalp, obviously 



Peterson, H. S., and Company, Chicago, 111. 

(D) Canthrox. (Merely borax, soap and washing 
soda. A mixture that would dry out the oil 
of the scalp very materially and be injurious in 
time, if continuously used. Price out of all 
proportion to cost.) 

Philo Hay Specialties Company, Newark, N. J. 

(D) Hay's Hair Health. (Another solution of sul- 
phur and lead acetate, the latter deemed dan- 
gerous.) 

Pinaud, Ed., 18 Place Vendome, Paris. 

* Eau de Quinine. (An alcoholic extract of qui- 
nine, delicately perfumed. Amount of quinine 
present is very small and its tonic properties 
are problematic. Claims, however, are mod- 
erate, as they should be.) 

Seele-Thompson Company, New York. 

(D) Mme. Seele's French Hair Bluing. (Harmless, 



TOILET ARTICLES 191 

but claims to be not a dye or stain while it is 
in reality methyl violet, a coal tar dye.) 

Tokalon, Inc., New York. 

(D) Lavona (de Composee). (A liquid in a three 
ounce bottle, consisting essentially of alcohol 
25 per cent., salicylic acid, glycerin, some 
saponin-like substance {probably present as 
quillaja — soap bark tree — extract), a suggestion 
of oil of bay, and water. No alkaloids, caf- 
fein nor tannin present. Claims that it is "an 
unrivaled hair tonic" and "contains the most 
efficacious drug known for stimulating the ac- 
tivity of the hair growing follicles as well as the 
pigment-forming cells/' unwarranted.) 

Vibert, F., Lyons, France. 

(D) Petrole Hahn for the Hair. (About y 12 of the 
volume of the liquid is mineral oil, mostly 
kerosene; contains no metals nor resorcin; essen- 
tially alcohol, water, mineral oil, with per- 
fuming and pungent oils and some resinous 
drug. The small amount of mineral oil pres* 
ent might have some antiseptic value, but the 
claims that "without any exaggeration the ac- 
tion of Petrole Hahn may be described as mar- 
velous," "It is indispensable to all who value 
and wish to retain abundant hair," "to retain 
its natural color, etc.," are untenable.) 



192 1001 TESTS 



Warden Company, Chicago, 111. 

(D) "Ward's Dandru-Cide Shampoo. (Ten cents' 
worth of crystallized washing soda sold for one 
dollar. Altogether too harsh and drying an 
alkali for use as a shampoo and the price is 
exorbitant. Claims to be "a magical prepara- 
tion," "unsurpassed for treatment of an itch- 
ing scalp," "The world famous dandruff de- 
stroyer," etc.) 

Waldeyer and Betts, 170 Fifth Avenue, New York, 
N. Y. 
(N) Swedish Hair Powder. (Merely talc, starch, and 
powdered orris, used to remove the oil of the 
hair by brushing. Harmless but hardly "A 
shampoo substitute.") 

Wildroot Chemical Company, Buffalo, N. Y. 

(D) Dandruff Remedy, Wildroot. (Contains arsenic, 
and some phenolic body, probably resorcin; per- 
fumed and colored. The trace of alkaloidal 
material present was too small for identifica- 
tion. Contains 40 per cent, of alcohol, as de- 
clared, and less than y 2 of one per cent, of non- 
volatile matter. Claims that it is an herb com~ 
pound and a positive remedy for eczema and 
dandruff obviously untenable.) 



MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 

These miscellaneous toilet preparations present 
bnt little opportunity for comment, except that the 
depilatories and perspiration preventatives are of 
dubious efficacy, and of very doubtful healthfull- 
ness. Perspiration should not be checked and the 
products used to bring this about are usually irri- 
tating and contract the pores so that a double harm 
may be done. 

Many inquiries are received in regard to the 
depilatories. They nearly all depend upon sodium 
or barium sulphide, which removes the hair super- 
ficially, with more or less danger, varying with the 
frequency of its use, the amount applied, and the 
sensitiveness of the individual skin. As long as 
the root of the hair is not destroyed, the hair will 
return and the claims made for these products are 
out of all proportion to their efficiency. Nearly 
always fancifully named toilet preparations con- 
tain simple, well known ingredients for which ex- 
travagant claims are made and an exorbitant 
price is charged. They are usually harmless, ex- 
cept in so far as one's time and money are wasted 
and only disappointment ensues. 

193 



194 1001 TESTS 



TESTED MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS * 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Armour and Company, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Luxor Bath Powder. (Fifty cents is an exorbi- 
tant price for a package of crystallized, per- 
fumed, washing soda. Is not "exhilarating and 
invigorating," as formerly claimed.) 

B. H. Company, Boston, Mass. 

(D) Priscilla Parsons Perspiration Preventative. (A 
water solution of zinc chloride. Might be irri- 
tating, which fact is virtually admitted on the 
label. The artificial checking of perspiration 
by possibly irritating substances cannot be con- 
sidered hygienic.) 

B. and P. Company, Cleveland, Ohio. 

(N) Wrinkle Eradieator. (Merely sheets of perfor- 
ated court plaster; mechanically may have some 
value in stretching the skin, but the claims as 
to medication are not substantiated.) 

De Miracle Chemical Co., New York City. 

(D) De Miracle Depilatory. (An aqueous solution 

* These are in no sense complete statements of analyses; only 
the most essential and characteristic ingredients are mentioned. 



TOILET ARTICLES 195 

of sodium sulphide, containing dissolved sul- 
phur with a trace of sodium sulphite and per- 
fumed with hay rum. Very extravagant claims 
are made for this simple preparation, which 
merely removes the hair superficially.) 

Dry Pits Lotion Company, St. Louis, Mo. 

(D) Dry Pits Lotion. (Two and one-half ounces of 
aluminum chloride in water. Price on label 
$1. An extravagant preparation of doubtful 
efficacy and health fulness. Checking of per- 
spiration by these astringents cannot be con- 
sidered harmless.) 

Floridine Manufacturing Company, 42 Franklin Street, 
New York. 
(N) Lustr-ite Nail Enamel. (A harmless infusorial 
earth for polishing the finger nails; exaggerated 
claims.) 

Forquignon Manufacturing Company, New York, 
N. Y. 
(N) F. B. Foronga Nail Bleach. (Tartaric acid and 
boric acid, colored with a green coal tar dye. 
Therefore the claim e( purely vegetable" is not 
warranted. Is slightly antiseptic and non- 
injurious. 
(N) F. B. Polpasta Nail Enamel. (Petrolatum with 
pumice stone, boric acid and soluble dye. Anti- 
septic and preservative virtues claimed are very 
slight.) 



196 1001 TESTS 



Muhlens and Kropff, New York, N* Y. 
* Eau de Cologne Sea Salt. 

Mum Manufacturing Company, 1106 Chestnut street, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
(N) Mum (Deodorant). (A harmless deodorant con- 
sisting of fat with benzoic acid and zinc oxide. 
No special claims made. Efficacious in some 
cases.) 

Murray, Joseph T., Eoehester, N. Y. 

(D) Beaux Yeux. (A glycerol of pepsin, colored 
with cochineal and flavored with oil of rose. 
The pepsin present is in an active state and 
was found to digest egg albumen. Would 
brighten the eyes only when natural pepsin was 
lacking, and dull eyes were due to indigestion! 
A most overrated product as it could not "in- 
tensify the natural color of the eyes and make 
them very brilliant.") 

Odorono Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

(D) Odor-O-No. (Essentially a solution of alumi- 
num chloride, with a little free hydrochloric 
acid, and a trace of bromid, artificially col- 
ored; 1% fluid ounces sold for fifty cents. It 
may clog the pores and> irritate the skin. The 
"Journal of the American Medical Associa- 
tion" declares the preparation to be "both 
fraudulent and dangerous.") 



TOILET ARTICLES 197 

Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 12 E. 23rd street, New York, N. Y. 
* Diamond Nail Enamel. (Infusorial earth, eosin 
(coloring). Claim "a brilliancy equal to dia- 
monds," is obviously a flight of fancy.) 

(D) Ongoline. (Tartaric acid and orange floiver 
water; claims to be a new compound having 
special efficacy and warns against oxalic acid, 
which is more efficacious and while poisonous is 
not injurious for external use.) 

(D) Kosaline. (Essentially fat, wax and eosin (col- 
oring). The claims that it is "A skin beauti- 
fier, containing high medicinal virtues/' that 
it " preserves the skin," and is "superior to 
any rouge," are entirely unwarranted.) 

Stenzie Manufacturing Company, San Francisco, Cal. 
(D) Stenzie. (A plastic mixture of colophony, with 
some balsam and a small quantity of pink dye. 
The price $1.50 is exorbitant. The hair is re- 
moved superficially, merely by applying the 
preparation in a plastic condition and stripping 
it off after it has hardened, which would ap- 
pear to be a rather crude and painful process 
of removing hair.) 



PERFUMES 

Chemical analysis gives but little information 
concerning perfumes. Only an expert can satis- 
factorily differentiate between these as to quality. 
The tests made were merely to determine in a gen- 
eral way the delicacy of the perfume. Some syn- 
thetic blends are so carefully made that only a 
well trained olfactory nerve could distinguish 
them from the true flower essence. In other cases, 
as with the violet, for example, the true perfume 
and the artificial ionone used to simulate it, are 
quite easily distinguished. Very occasionally the 
point is raised that refined methyl or wood alcohol, 
known as Columbian spirits, is used in perfumes 
instead of ethyl alcohol. While the refined spirits 
are not so objectionable as the crude wood alcohol, 
which could hardly be used because of its odor, still 
the action of even the refined product on the optic 
nerve is such as to render its use in perfumes inad- 
missible, as they might be employed for bathing 
the head and eyes, and would be objectionable if 
not dangerous. Sometimes a point on excessive 
price, in comparison with quality could be checked, 
but for the most part the selection of a perfume is 

198 



, TOILET ARTICLES 199 

merely a matter of personal preference and rela- 
tive expensiveness, and no special protection can 
be afforded the consumer by an examination. 

TESTED PERFUMES 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

American Druggists' Syndicate, New York, N. Y. 
(N) Violet Toilet Water. (Colored green. Appar- 
ently artificial odor not especially delicate.) 

Bourjoias, A., and Company, Paris. 

(N) Bouquet Manon Lescaut. (Only a strong cologne, 
for which a high price ($1.60) is asked.) 

Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Eclat (Perfume). 

* Imperial Lilac. (A good toilet water.) 
Crown Perfumery Company, London. 

(N) Crown Lavender Salts. (Objection to the claim 
that these salts "purify the air in sick rooms," 
etc. They do not purify the air at all, but 
merely mask unpleasant odors by an agreeable 
one, quality good.) 

Dralle, Hamburg. 

* Illusion Violette, Violet, Veilehen. 

Gelle Freres, Paris. 

* Seduction. 



200 1001 TESTS 



Hanson and Jenks Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Sweet Peas (perfumery). 

* Violet Toilet Water— Brat. 

* Wood Violet Toilet Water. 
Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y. 

* Violet Sec Toilet Water. (Appears to be artificial 

violet.) 
Jennings Company, Grand Kapids, Mich. 

* Dorothy Vernon Perfume. 
Lanman and Kemp, New York. 

* Florida Water. 
Lazell, New York. 

* Lazell's Field Violets. 

* Lazell's Japanese Honeysuckle Perfume. {Syn- 

thetic perfume.) 

Pinaud, Ed., Paris. 

* Lilas de France — Extrait Vegetal. 

Rieger, The California Perfumer, San Francisco. 

* Flower Drops — Violet. (An expensive product 

$1.50, but having the perfume of natural vio- 
lets. Claims somewhat excessive. "The most 
exquisite odor in the world, one drop diffuses 
the odor of thousands of blossoms.") 

Roger and Gallet, Paris. 

* Eau de Toilette — Pois de Senteur. (Sweet Pea.) 

* Extrait de Violette de France. 

\Vantine, A. A., and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* O Lotus San (Perfume.) 



TOILET ARTICLES 201 

* East India Sandal Wood Sachet. 

* Sandalwood (Perfume.) 

it Wisteria Blossom Perfume. 

* Wisteria Blossom Sachet. 

* Wisteria Blossom Toilet Water. 

Vogue Perfumery Company, 234 5th Avenue, New York. 

* Vogue Extrait Vegetal Lilasette Fleur. (A glyc- 

erin alcoholic solution, perfumed with lilac. 
Mildly extravagant claims as to quality.) 

Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111. 

* San Toy (Perfume.) (Another case of somewhat 

exaggerated claims as to quality as: "Unri- 
valed by imported perfumes.") 



POWDERS 

None of the powders are specifically injurious 
except in so far as their continuous use without 
proper massaging and cleansing fills the pores of 
the skin, and so is undesirable. They consist in 
most cases of talc, with sometimes a little starch, 
calcium carbonate, or zinc oxide ; boric acid is fre- 
quently added as an antiseptic and should be in- 
cluded in the name of the product if present. The 
zinc oxide is used largely for mechanical reasons 
and is not at all objectionable. A mixed powder 
should be called a toilet or face powder, not a 
straight talcum. The buyer has a right to know 
what he is getting. The rice powders, which are of 
a finer texture, frequently contain considerable 
amounts of talc, and as the former is the more ex- 
pensive ingredient, such products are misbranded 
and must be considered fraudulent, if the talcum 
is not plainly declared on the label. 

Apart from these considerations, the main crit- 
icism of the toilet powders, is the extravagant 
claims made for them. They cannot be considered 
"complexion beautifies' ' nor to have any real 
value as "healing agents." For one well-known 
talcum powder, it was formerly claimed that it 



TOILET ARTICLES 



gave immediate relief for chickenpox, measles and 
scarlatina, and prevented decay of the teeth. 
Such extravagant claims for the temporary sooth- 
ing, cooling effect, that dusting the skin with any 
borated powder might produce, are obviously 
unwarranted. Some are finer in texture, more 
carefully purified, and more delicately perfumed 
than others, but any of them may be safely used 
in moderation, and the choice is largely a matter 
of individual taste. 

TESTED TOILET POWDERS 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxriii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Allen Pharmacal Company, New York, N. T. 

* Royal Violet Borated Talcum Powder. 
American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. 

* A. D. S. Majestic Lilac Talc. 
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111. 

* Extra Fine Complexion Powder. (A good zinc 

ozide, calcium carbonate, and talc powder, per* 
fumed and tinted pink. Hardly "extra fine" 
especially for the price (50 cents). 

B. H. Company, The, Boston, Mass. 

* Priscilla Parsons Pace Powder. (Disclosed talc, 

zinc oxide, pink dye and very strong musk odor.) 



204 1001 TESTS 



Caswell, Massey Company, Ltd., New York, N. Y. 
(N) Casma Talcum. (Extravagantly praised as a 
"perfect, magnificent article." The usual bor- 
ated talcum powder, borax not declared.) 

Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Violet Talcum Powder. (Claims that it "keeps 
the skin in a healthy condition/' "formula of 
an eminent physician/' unwarranted. A good 
talc, borated and perfumed — nothing more — 
borax not declared.) 

Crane, James C, 108 Fulton Street, N. Y. 

(N) Elcaya Rice Powder, Avec Talc de Yenise Purife. 
(Called a rice powder but is % talc, added for 
good mechanical reasons, but should be plainly 
labeled "Bice Powder with talc" in English. 
French wording in small type, objectionable.) 

Freeman Perfume Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

(N) Freeman's Medicated Face Powder. (Talc and 
zinc oxide, good quality, but claims as to medi- 
cation and effects as a complexion beautifier un- 
warranted.) 

Gille E., 1 Hamilton Grange, New York, N. Y. 

* Cream White Face Powder. 
f * Flesh Face Powder. 

* White Face Powder. 

(TJswl zinc oxide, talc and calcium carbonate 
combination, tinted; no special claims made.) 



TOILET ARTICLES 205 

Gomi, T. D., Geisha Importing Company, 3 East 17th 

St., New York City. 
(N) Oriental Wistaria Talcum Powder. (Should be 
labeled "borated," a good powder.) 

Heyer, George W., Houston, Texas. 

* Heyer 's Prickly Heat Powder. (Consists largely 

of zinc oxide with starch and small quantities 
of camphor and phenol. Claims moderate. 
"For heat and itching of skin.") 

Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Violet See Talcum. (Should be labeled "bo- 
rated/' a good powder.) 

Kirk, James S., Co., Chicago, 111. 

(N) Jap-Rose Toilet Talcum Powder. (Composed of 
talc and zinc oxide; a borated toilet or com- 
plexion powder. Is not a straight talcum, 
strictly speaking, when so compounded.) 

Lehn and Fink, New York, N. Y. 

* Riveris Talcum Powder. (Talcum; excellent qual- 

ity with fine perfume. Not "a necessity for 
baby's health" as claimed.) 



Levy, Ben., Company, Boston, 

(N) LaBlache Face Powder. (A good powder, (talc 



206 1001 TESTS 



and zinc oxide) which claims to produce "a 
clear, healthy complexion" This is obviously 
impossible. It merely conceals blemishes, the 
same as any other powder.) 
Marinello Company, Chicago, 111. 

* Marinello Powder. (A slight trace of heavy metal, 

tin or antimony, probably present as an im- 
purity in the zinc oxide.) 
Mennen, Gerhard, Chemical Company, Newark, N. J. 

* Borated Talcum Toilet Powder. (A high grade 

talcum now accurately labeled.) 

* Violet Talcum Toilet Powder Borated. (A good 

borated talcum powder, perfumed. Claim "sci- 
entifically borated" meaningless, but revised la- 
bels are conservative.) 
Napoleon Pharmacal Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Napoleon Lilac Aseptic Toilet Powder — Borated. 
Plexo Preparations, Inc., New York and Paris. 

(D) Plexo Evening White. (A semi-liquid mixture of 
zinc oxide, calcium carbonate and alcohol. Has 
artificial violet perfume. Claims to conceal all 
imperfections and still to be invisible. "Will 
not rub off"; claims not tolerable.) 
Pozzoni, J. A., Pharmacal Company, Chicago, Illinois. 

(N) Pozzoni 's Gold Puff Box. (Extravagant claims 
for a complexion powder and rouge, both con- 
taining a pink dye and the powder carrying bis- 
muth subcarbonate and zinc oxide. Not in- 
jurious but over praised.) 



TOILET ARTICLES 207 

Pray, Dr. J. Parker, New York, N. Y. 

(D) Dr. Pray's Hy-Gen-ia Face Powder. {Talc, zinc 
oxide and starch with some magnesium carbon- 
ate. Claims that it is healing, does not clog 
glands or pores of the skin, a preservative and 
medicinal powder, are deemed unwarranted.) 

Pura Manufacturing Company, Lancaster, Pa. 

(D) Hymettus Rose-Violet Talcum Powder. (Con- 
tains zinc oxide, boric acid and talc, with a deli- 
cate perfume. Many talcum powders are bo- 
rated and the claims that it is "softer, finer and 
more refreshing than other talcum prepara- 
tions," and that it "heals" are not warranted. 
Is not a straight talcum; should be labeled "a 
borated toilet or complexion powder.") 

Stafford-Miller Company, St. Louis, Mo. 

(D) Carmen Complexion Powder. (Usual combina- 
tion of talc, zinc oxide and starch, perfumed 
and colored. Claims that it is the "best for 
the skin," "never dusts off," "never shows pow- 
der," "superior to other complexion powders," 
etc., are unwarranted.) 

Tetlow, Henry, Philadelphia, Pa. 

(D) Tetlow 's Superb Gossamer, Harmless for the Com- 
plexion. (Another combination of talc, zinc ox- 
ide, starch and perfume. Good in itself, but 
claims that it "really nourishes, benefits and 
softens the shin, ' ' does not obstruct the pores, and 
is superior to all others, absurdly overdrawn.) 



208 1001 TESTS 



Vantine, A. A., and Co., New York, N. Y. 

* Geisha Face Powder. (Talc, zinc oxide and starch, 

perfumed and colored.) 
ik Kutch Sandalwood Talcum Powder. (Talc, pow- 
dered orris, and sandalwood oil.) 

* Wistaria Blossom Talc. (Perfumed talcum pow- 

der with a little starchy material.) 

Vogue Perfumery Company, New York, N. Y. 

,(D) Vogue Poudre de Biz. (Claimed to be a rice pow- 
der but is 84 per cent. talc. Is, therefore, 
plainly misbranded. No objection to adding 
some talc, for mechanical reasons, if declared.) 
it Vogue Liquid Complexion Powder. (Merely zinc 
oxide and a little calcium carbonate suspended 
in perfumed water.) 

Williams, J. B., Company, Glastonbury, Conn. 

(N) Violet talcum powder. (A good borated talcum 
powder perfumed with artificial violet. Claims 
that it is i( unequaled for the toilet/ 9 "produces 
a soft, healthy condition of the slcin, etc.," are 
extravagant, as they would be for any talcum 
powder; borax should be declared.) 

Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111. 

(D) San Toy Talcum. (The usual combination of 
talc, starch, calcium carbonate, and perfume; no 
boric acid nor zinc oxide found and still it is 
claimed that the powder is "highly antiseptic 
and healing"; "absolutely perfect.") 



SOAPS 

The main points in regard to the soaps are to be 
sure that there is no free alkali or only a trace, and 
not too much water, that is, that you are getting a 
fair amount of soap for your money, and not pay- 
ing for water. The high priced soaps contain no 
more soap, are no more cleansing and are no purer 
than many of the five cent products ; in fact, some- 
times the contrary is the case. If a woman wishes 
to pay 25 cents to one dollar for a perfumed, 
colored cake of soap, daintily wrapped, for the 
pleasure of using it, well and good, but she should 
know that she is not getting "a bargain." 
Glycerin soaps, for example, while of good quality 
and useful for some skins, are not economical, as 
they " waste" more quickly than other types. 

The medicated soaps with almost no exceptions 
must be criticised on account of their extravagant 
claims. Any soap has some little antiseptic prop- 
erties, but the amount of antiseptics added to 
soaps and the conditions under which they are 
used make it impossible that they should ful- 
fill any extravagant claims as to healing skin 
diseases or producing anything approaching 

209 



no 1001 TESTS 



complete antisepsis. They present another ex- 
ample of permissible products over-burdened 
with impossible claims. Other soaps we are 
obliged to criticize on the ground of misbrand- 
ing, since their composition does not warrant 
the name given them, which would imply the 
presence of certain ingredients or oils not found in 
any material quantities. None of the soaps are 
really harmful except in so far as the extravagant 
claims made for them might be misleading and 
cause one to neglect more important precautions 
and depend upon them for services they could not 
perform. 

TESTED SOAPS 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
{D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. 

(D) A. D. S. Kurakutic Soap. (Misleading name in 
apparent imitation of "cuticura." No phenols 
or other antiseptics detected. Claim "invalu- 
able for skin purification," misleading.) 

(D) A. D. S. Improved Foot Soap. (Contains bran, 
borax, eucalyptus, but no free iodine, nor free 
olive oil, nor combined iodide in any form (as 
claimed) could be detected. Fairly good com- 
position, but claims that it would gradually re- 
move corns, bunions and callouses unwarranted.) 



TOILET ARTICLES 211 

Armour and Company, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Savon de Toilette Luxor. (A good grade tf soap 
delicately perfumed. Wrapped in silk and sold 
for one dollar. A good soap over-priced and 
over-praised.) 

Cereal Soap Company, 8 Beach Street, New York. 
(D) Zap. (Soap, sodium carbonate, cornmeal and 
oatmeal found. Statement that "no soap or 
soda is required" is misleading when both are 
present. Claim that it is "made from pure 
vegetable cereals" is not warranted since other 
substances are found. Unjustifiable criticism of 
other soaps and claims tJiat it is "the greatest 
skin soap in the world," and is "absolutely 
pure" deemed unwarranted by its composition, 
either as determined or claimed.) 

Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Cashmere Bouquet Toilet Soap. 

* Heliotrope (Soap.) 

Crittenton, Charles N., Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Glenn's Sulphur Soap. 

Fairbank, N. K., Company, Chicago, and New York. 

* Fairy Soap. (A good floating soap containing 

about 15 per cent, of water. All soaps that 
float contain somewhat more moisture. No free 
alkali or sodium carbonate. A good soap ex- 



212 1001 TESTS 



travagantly praised. "Unquestionably the 
purest, best and most satisfactory soap on the 
market," "the cleanest of all soaps for house- 
hold use/' unwarranted; others just as good.) 

Hinds, A. S., Portland, Maine. 

(D) Hind's Honey and Almond Cream Soap. (Name 
not warranted by composition; no honey or al- 
mond detected. Statement that it "improves 
the complexion" cannot be guaranteed.) 

Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y. 

* Violet Sec. (Soap.) 

Jergens, Andrew, Company, Cincinnati and New York. 

* Jergen's Violet Glycerine Soap. (Claims "We 

have caught the real fragrance of the violets"; 
perfume appears to be largely artificial.) 

(D) "Woodbury's Facial Soap. (A good grade of 
soap containing a small amount of phenol or 
some similar antiseptic. The claim that it is 
recommended "for eczema and acne," and has 
"stimulating tonic properties" are not war- 
ranted, by composition.) 

Johnson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, Wis. 

(N) Palm Olive Soap. (Impossible to determine the 
exact nature of oils and fats used but palm and 
olive were not present in sufficient amounts to 
warrant the name. No criticism of soap itself.) 



TOILET ARTICLES 213 

Johnson and Johnson, New Brunswick, N. J. 

* Synol Soap. (A liquid soap containing phenol and 

glycerin. No free alkali; 51 per cent, of mois- 
ture. Really a strong solution of carbolic; the 
surgical claims for antisepsis and germ destroy- 
ing powers are slightly extravagant. ) 

Kirk, James S., and Company, Chicago, 111. 

T*r Jap Rose Soap. {Statement that you "use only 
half as much as you would of any other soap" 
unwarranted. Contained 12 per cent water. ) 

Klein's, Budapest, Hungary. 

* Glycerin Soap. 

Lever Brothers Company, Boston, Mass. 

(D) Lifebuoy Health Soap. (18 per cent, of water, 
no free alkali and a slight trace of sodium car- 
bonate; contains cresols or similar coal tar prod- 
ucts. A good soap but claims "brings beauty 
to the skin/ 9 "prevents infection/' "for saving 
life and preserving health" not warranted.) 

Lilly, Eli, and Company, Indianapolis, Ind. 

* Lilly 's Liquid Soap — unseented. 

Morgan's, Enoch, Sons Co., New York, N. Y. 

(N) Hand Sapolio. (71 per cent, sand and little ex- 
cess alkalinity. Claims to equal a mild turkish 
bath; not of "perfect purity." Has a place for 
removing stains, etc., but some claims excessive.) 



214 1001 TESTS 



Miilhens and Kropff, 298 Broadway, New York City. 

* White Rose Glycerin Soap. 

Packer Manufacturing Company, New York. 

* Packer's Tar Soap. 

Pears, A. F., Ltd., 71-75 New Oxford Street, London, 
W. C. 

* Pears' Soap. 

Potter Drug and Chemical Company, Boston, Mass. 
(D) Cuticura Soap. (A good grade of soap contain- 
ing a small quantity of prussian blue and prob- 
ably a little phenol. Prussian blue has been 
recommended for shin diseases. Excessive 
claims made for Cuticura as to the prevention 
and treatment of skin eruptions, are not war- 
ranted by its composition.) 

Proctor and Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

* Ivory Soap. 

Remmers, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

(D) Remmers' Peroxide Soap. (No peroxide could be 
determined by the usual tests, therefore the 
name is unwarranted and the product mis- 
branded.) 

Resinol Soap Company, Baltimore, Md. 

(D) Resinol Soap. (Contains a small amount of 
cresol or some similar substance. Impossible 
claims made to the effect that it " prevents 
acne," '* nourishes the underlying tissues of the 



TOILET ARTICLES 215 

skin/' "prevents falling out of the hair," etc., 
whereas antiseptic properties are very limited.) 
Roger and Gallet, Rue d'Hauteville, Paris. 

* Savon Yiolette de Parme. 

* Savon Vera-Violetta. (A good grade of soap, 

scented with violet. Sold for 85 cents. No su- 
periority to the 25 cent cake could he discov- 
ered. Perfume may be superior but finished 
product does not show it. Price excessive.) 
Roessler and Hasslacher Chemical Company, New 
York, N. Y. 
(D) Peroxide Zinc Soap. (A good peroxide zinc soap 
really liberating some oxygen. Claims made, 
however, as to the "antisepsis of the body," 
"feeding oxygen through the pores of the 
shin," etc., are absolutely unscientific and un- 
warranted, as the skin does not absorb oxygen 
to any notable extent under any conditions, so 
far as scientists have been able to determine.) 

Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111. 

(D) Olivilo Soap. (A good soap but claims untenable: 
"Makes beauty," "lasts nearly twice as long as 
other ten cent toilet soaps," "keeps the skin in 
its natural healthy condition." 



TOOTH POWDERS, PASTES, ETC. 

There are few if any tooth powders which are 
really injurious, but their antiseptic power is lim- 
ited by the conditions under which they are used 
and the excessive claims made for these simple 
preparations as to their efficacy in destroying 
germs, sterilizing the mouth, preventing the forma- 
tion of tartar, and even preventing or quring pyor- 
rhea, are out of all proportion to the facts. A 
good calcium carbonate, alkaline, mouth wash is of 
value for its antacid properties, and the antisep- 
tics, such as menthol, benzoic acid, thymol, eucalyp- 
tol, etc., which are added have a limited efficiency. 
Plain hydrogen dioxide, however, is probably as 
efficient an artificial mouth wash as is available. 
The great claims made for the liberation of oxygen 
in the mouth and the effect so produced must be 
looked at askance ; even though the statements may 
be true to a certain extent theoretically, the effect 
produced in the mouth is problematic. The claims 
that the breath is purified are obviously false. 
The breath may be perfumed or sweetened, but bad 
breath coming from decaying teeth or lung 
trouble or indigestion is not purified by the use of 
any tooth paste, powder or wash, whatever it may 

216 



TOILET ARTICLES 217 

contain. Some of the preparations are accom- 
panied by circulars giving laboratory reports and 
imposing pictures of microscopic slides, "before 
and after using, ' ' showing the germicidal effect of 
the products in question. A laboratory experi- 
ment of this kind by no means parallels the con- 
ditions existing in the mouth and the conclusions 
drawn from such experiments are unwarranted. 
The ingredients of the several tooth powders and 
pastes indicated in the list do not pretend to be 
complete analyses, as often the ingredients are 
present in too small an amount to be distinguished 
by analysis. Only the general character of the 
product is indicated. 

The real function of a tooth paste or tooth pow- 
der is to assist the brush and water in thoroughly 
cleansing the tooth by friction. The antisepsis 
afforded is really secondary and there is room for 
a wide reform in regard to tooth pastes and tooth 
powders, as to the claims made in this respect, a 
point brought out at the recent meeting of the Na- 
tional Dentists' Association, by Dr. L. F. Kebler, 
Chief of the Division of Drugs, Department of 
Agriculture, who said : 

" After learning of the beneficial inhibiting effects of 
the antiseptics on the activities of bacteria, it was nat- 



218 1001 TESTS 



urally believed that there was the means by which the 
bacterial flora of the buccal cavity could be controlled 
or stayed, if not absolutely destroyed. Experiments, 
however, soon showed that it was impossible to sterilize 
the oral cavity or even to appreciably diminish the num- 
ber of bacteria without using the drugs in such strength 
as to make them intolerable, if not absolutely dangerous, 
either because of their disagreeable odor, and taste, or 
because of their effects upon the mucous membrane and 
their toxicity. ... It is a well recognized principle in 
bacteriology that the greater the dilution of a germicide, 
the longer the time of action necessary to destroy the 
bacteria, and vice versa. From the necessary dilution 
already considered, it is quite evident that none of these 
germicidal agents can avail much in sterilizing the 
mouth, and that antiseptics are of correspondingly little 
actual value. ' ' 

It is these extravagant and misleading claims 
which made it impossible to give the highest ap- 
proval to many of the good tooth powders listed. 
When a very excellent tooth powder containing 
more antiseptics than usual is said to "kill all 
germs," "prevent contagion and all disease," and 
"cleanse as nothing else will do," we are obliged 
to disprove it, excellent as its composition may be, 
as we could not put our guarantee back of such 
misleading claims. 



TOILET ARTICLES 219 



TESTED TOOTH POWDERS, PASTES, ETC. 

(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a 
noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products 
(D) s rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for 
details as to method of rating.) 

Allen Pharmacal Company, New York. 

(N) Royal Tooth Powder. (Consists essentially of 

soap, calcium carbonate, and methyl salicylate. 

Claims as to preserving and hardening the gums 

mildly extravagant.) 

American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. 

(N) A. D. S. Peroxide Tooth Powder. (Chalk, soap, 
some form of solid peroxide, and flavoring 
agents. Claims to ' ' heal and harden the gums, ' ' 
"remove all external discolor ations," to be "a 
scientific combination of cleansing and anti- 
septic agents,'' "to leave the mouth in an anti- 
septic condition." Claims unwarranted.) 

(D) A. D. S. Peredixo Tooth Paste. A Peroxide Tooth 
Paste. (Use of word "Peredixo" to suggest 
peroxide. No peroxide whatever found; merely 
soap, chalk, glycerin, and flavoring agents. 
Claims to be a peroxide tooth paste, which will 
leave the mouth in a thoroughly aseptic and 
wholesome condition. Name and claims mis- 
leading.) 
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111. 

(N) Luxor Tooth Paste. (Calcium carbonate and 
soap with menthol. A good antacid tooth 



1001 TESTS 



paste, but the claims that it "sweetens the 
breath/ 9 "hardens the gums," and is "anti- 
septic" are somewhat overdrawn.) 

Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y. 

* Eibbon Dental Cream. (Menthol, soap, calcium 
carbonate, benzoic acid, wintergreen, probably 
glycerin. Claims merely to be antiseptic, which 
it is to a slight degree.) 

Dentacura Company, Newark, N. J. 

(N) Dentacura. (A good preparation containing 
soap, calcium carbonate, methyl salicylate, 
menthol, eucalyptol, boric acid, etc. No thymol 
could be detected in the finished product though 
it is said to be added. Former impossible claims 
such as "kills all germs," "prevents contagion," 
etc., withdrawn.) 

Hall and Ruckel, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Sozodont Tooth Paste. (Soap, calcium carbon- 
ate, eosin (coloring), oil of cinnamon, and 
menthol. A good tooth paste but the claims 
that it is the "embodiment of ideas of famous 
chemists," "hardens the gums," etc., are not 
warranted by its simple composition.) 
(N) Van Buskirk's Sozodont Antiseptic Tooth Paste. 
(Essentially soap, calcium carbonate, menthol, 
methyl salicylate and salicylic acid. Claims 
that it "hardens the gums," "tones and ster- 
ilizes the mouth," extravagant; other state- 
ments moderate.) 



TOILET ARTICLES mi 

Kolynos Company, New Haven, Conn. 

(D) Kolynos. (A good preparation containing cal- 
cium carbonate, soap, menthol and small 
amounts of other antiseptics* Overburdened 
with perfectly impossible claims such as "dis- 
ease preventer," "destroys germs of diphtheria 
and pneumonia in less than one minute," etc., 
"sterilizes the mouth to degree heretofore be- 
lieved impossible," etc.) 

Lavoris Chemical Company, Minneapolis, Minn. 

(D) Lavoris. (A mouth wash containing zinc chlo- 
ride, menthol, oil of cassia and alcohol, as its 
principal ingredients. Formaldehyde claimed, 
none found; statements made as to its germici- 
dal and healing properties greatly exagger- 
ated.) 

Lehn and Fink, New York, N. Y. 

(D) Pebeco Tooth Paste. (Differs from most tooth 
pastes in containing potassium chlorate; prob- 
ably is not injurious under the conditions in 
which it is used, and the amount in which it is 
present. Other important ingredients are: 
calcium carbonate, soap, methyl salicylate, and 
menthol. Extravagant claims as to efficiency 
in relief of disease, antiseptic value, etc., unten- 
able.) 

Lyon, I. W., and Sons, 520 West 27th Street, New York. 
(N) Perfect Tooth Powder. (Essentially soap, cal- 
cium carbonate, and methyl salicylate. Does 



1001 TESTS 



not really "purify the breath" as claimed.) 
McKesson and Robbins, New York, N. Y. 

(N) Calox, The Oxygen Tooth Powder. (Contains 
peroxide, menthol, methyl salicylate and cal- 
cium carbonate. Does liberate some active oxy- 
gen in the mouth but the efficacy of this ingre- 
dient is greatly over estimated.) 
Mennen, Gerhard, Chemical Company, Newark, N. J. 
(N) Cream Dentrifrice. (Consists essentially of soap, 
calcium carbonate, glycerin, alcohol and aro- 
matic, antiseptic oils, among which menthol is 
prominent. Former extravagant claims that it 
"sterilizes the breath," "is highly germicidal, 
hence a protection against all germ diseases and 
decay," have been withdrawn but label is still 
slightly extreme. 
Pyro Chemical Company, 1212 Saratoga Street, Balti- 
more, Md. 
(D) Pyrodento. (An alkaline liquid, containing 5 per 
cent, of alcohol, as declared, with sodium bicar- 
bonate, egg albumen, boric acid, glycerin, and 
small amount of formaldehyde, and the oils of 
cinnamon, spearmint and peppermint. No po- 
tassium permanganate could be detected, though 
it is claimed in the formula, and if added, is 
present in too small amounts to be detected or 
to be of any practical value. Claims that "It 
destroys bacteria, thus acting as a prophylactic 
to all diseases of the oral cavity," "hardens 



TOILET ARTICLES 



the gums," and is "especially recommended for 
pyorrhea" not warranted.) 
(D) Pyrodento Creme Paste. (Consists essentially of 
calcium and magnesium carbonates, fixed oil, 
boric acid, glycerin, egg albumen, a trace of 
formaldehyde, sodium carbonate, oils of spear- 
mint, peppermint, and cinnamon. No soap } 
gelatin or starch present. No potassium per- 
manganate detected. Could not sterilize "at 
the mouth," and its usefulness in the treatment 
of pyorrhea, stomatitis, chronic ulcerations, etc., 
problematic.) 

Sanitol Chemical Laboratory Company, St* Louis, Mo. 
(N) Sanitol Tooth Paste. (Contains calcium carbon- 
ate, soap, methyl salicylate, and menthol. 
Claims "the most effective cream known to the 
dentist," "of lasting benefit to teeth and gums," 
not warranted by the composition.) 

Sheffield Dentrifice Company, New York City, N. Y. 
(N) Dental Cream. (Essentially sassafras, menthol, 
soap, calcium carbonate, eosin (coloring) and 
oil of cinnamon. Over weighted with such 
claims as the following: "Coats the teeth with 
an alkaline film that protects them for hours"; 
"neutralizes all acids of the mouth)" "best in 
the world," etc.) 

United Drug Company, Boston, Mass. 

(N) Rexall Tooth Powder. (Essentially soap, cal- 



224 1001 TESTS 



cium carbonate, methyl salicylate and thymol. 
Claims to remove usual cause of decayed teeth 
and fetid breath. This could not possibly be 
true, as decaying teeth and bad breath in many 
cases have deep systemic causes which a tooth 
powder could not reach. Statement true only 
in a most general way in so far as it keeps the 
teeth clean.) 



Note: Changes and corrections in ratings and descriptive 
matter will be published, as opportunity may offer, in Good 
Housekeeping Magazine. All communications concerning such 
changes should be addressed to me as Director of the Good 
Housekeeping Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health, Wood- 
ward Building, Washington, D. C. 

H. W. Wiley. 



INDEX 



INDEX 



A. D. S. Foot Tablets, 131 

Improved Foot Soap, 210 

Kurakutic Soap, 210 

Peredixo Tooth Paste, 219 

Peroxide Tooth Powder, 219 

Shaving Cream, 177-178 
Acker, Merrall & Condit Co., 

155, 159 
A-Corn Salve, 135 
Adirondacks Maple Co., 169 
Adulterants in candies, 33 

canned goods, 41 

condiments, 95 

cocoas, 7 

cold creams, 177 

dried meats, 149 

floursj 79 

honey, 169 

macaroni, 92 

olive oil, 153 

preserves, 157 

salad dressings, 96 

shampoo powders, 187 

syrups, 167 

vinegars, 97 
American Dehydrating Co., 127 

Druggists' Syndicate, 55, 131, 
177, 188, 199, 203, 210, 
219 

Fruit Products Co., 21, 159 

Malted Food Co., 55 



American Sugar Refining Co., 
169 
Vineyard Co., 127 
Ammon & Pearson, 147 
Anchovy Paste, Crosse & Black- 
well's, 123 
Angelus Cough Drops, 141 
Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n, 

21 
Anker's Bouillon Capsules, 65 
Antiseptic Throat Pastilles, 134 
Albumen in baking powders, 2 
Alcohol in grape juice, 20 
Alexander & Mendes, 188 
Alkali-treated cocoa, 6 
Allen Pharmacal Co., 203, 219 
Allen's Foot Ease, 140 
Almond Dulce Hymettus 

Cream, 186 
Almond Extract, 116, 117, 118, 

120, 121 
Almonds, Festino, 31 
Als Hangesund Preserving Co., 

123 
Alum in baking powders, 2 
Apple Jam, 159, 160 
Juice, Duffy's, 21 
Apples, evaporated, 128 
Apricots, Del Monte Brand, 45 
evaporated, 127 
Hunt Brothers', 46 



227 



INDEX 



Apricots, Troubadour Brand, 

46 
Arbuckle Bros., 13 
Armour & Co., 21, 62, 147, 150, 

177, 194, 203, 211, 219 
Aroma Coffee Co., 13 
Aromint Co., 35 
Artaud, J. B. & A. Freres, 154 
Artichokes, eanned, 66 
Asiatic Products Co., 17 
Asparagus, canned, 66, 68 
Aunt Jemima's Brand Pancake 

Flour, 82 
Aurora Condensed Milk Co., 56 
Austin-Nichols & Co., 66, 98, 

127, 159 

B. H. Company, The, 178, 194, 

203 
Bacon, Beechnut Brand, 150 
Dairy Brand, 151 
Ferris's Boneless, 150 
Jones Dairy Farm, 151 
Swift's Premium, 152 
Baked Beans, canned, 67 
Baker Extract Co., 116 
Baker, Franklin Co., 109 
Baker Importing Co., 13 
Baker, Walter & Co., 7 
Baking Powder — Calumet, 3 
Cleveland Superior, 3 
Congress, 4 
Davis O. K., 3 
K. C, 4 

Dr. Price's Cream, 4 
Royal, 4 
Rumford, 4 
Uprise, 3 



Baking Powders, the three 
types, 1 
Soda, Slade's, 4 
Banana Flavor, 117, 120 
Bananas, Evaporated, 127 
Barley Crystals, 75 

Flour, Jireh Diatetic, 84 
Bartlett, Stephen L. Co., 7 
Barton & Guestier, 154 
Bauer & Black, 131 % 
Beale & Garnett Co., 123 
Beans, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 
Beardsley's Sons, J. W., 62, 123 
Beaux Yeux, 196 
Beechnut Packing Co., 98, 150, 

159 
Beef, Corned, Red Cross Brand, 
151 
Dried, Armour's Sliced, 150 
Beechnut Brand, 150 
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 
151 
Beet Sugar, 163 
Beets, canned, 67, 68, 69 
Bell, Wm. G. Co., 98 
Belle Mead Sweets, 35 
Benger's Food, Ltd., 56 
Bensdorp, (Amsterdam, Hol- 
land), 7 
Benzoate of soda in condi- 
ments, 96 
Berna Milk Co., 56 
Berndt & Co., 17 
Bernese Alps Milk Co., 56 
Biscuit, Adora, 31 
Arrowroot, 31 
Baronet, 31 
Frotana, 32 



INDEX 



229 



Biscuit, Jireh Diatetic, 29 

Pakatin, 30 

Saltine, 32 

Social Tea, 32 

Sunshine Assorted, 30 

Sunshine Citrus, 31 

Sunshine Petite Beurre, 31 

Takoma, 31 

Uneeda, 32 

Water Thin, 32 
Bishop & Co.j 36 
Bismark Grocery Co., 13 
Bitter Chocolates, 6 
Blackberries, Silver Lake 

Brand, 47 
Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee 

Co., 13, 17 
Blendo Food Co., 14 
Bliss, Alonzo 0. Co., 132 
Blookers (Amsterdam, Hol- 
land), 8 
Blue Jay Corn Plasters, 131 
Bonbons, Huyler's, 36 

Maillard's, 37 

Park & Tilford's, 38 

Schrafft's, 39 
Borden's Condensed Milk Co., 

14, 36, 56 
Bosman & Lohman Co., 147 
Bouillon, Clam, 62 

Cubes, Anker's, 65 
Armour's, 62 
Liebig's OXO, 65 
Steero, 65 
Bourjoias, A. & Co., 199 
Boyle, John Co., 45, 66 
Brakeley, Joseph, Inc., 66 
Brilliantine, Carnation, 188 



Brooke, C. M. & Sons, 21 
Brooke's Lemos, 21 
Buckwheat Flour, Teco Brand, 

82 
Burnett, Joseph & Co., 117 
Burnham, E. L. Co., 62 
Burnham & Morrill Co., 123 
Butter, Fox River, 148 
B. & P. Company, 194 

California Fish Co., 123 

Fruit Canners' Association, 
45, 66, 127 
Calocide Compound, 138 
Calox, the Oxygen Tooth Pow- 
der, 222 
Calumet Baking Powder Co., 3 
Calves Foot Jelly, 150 
Calvet & Co., 155 
Campbell Co., 155 
Campbell, Joseph Co., 62 
Campbell's Kooking Oil, 155 
Candies, adulterants in, 33 
Candy Figs, 36 
Cane Sugar, 163 
Canned Goods, adulterants in, 
41 
labeling, 44 
weights, 42 
Canthrox, 190 
Capsicum Vaseline, 132 
Caramels, Belle Mead, 35 

H. D. Foss & Co.'s, 36 

Johnston's, 37 

Lowney's, 37 

Maillard's 37 

Park & Tilford's, 38 

Schrafft's, 39 



230 



INDEX 



Caramels, Whitman's, 40 
Carbolated Vaseline, 132 
Carque, Otto, 89 
Carque Pure Food Co., 127, 147 
Carter Lytle Drug Co., 132 
Castle, The W. A. Co., 155 
Castor Oil, Tasteless, 143 
Caswell, Massey Co., Ltd., 204 
Catsup, 98 

Blue Ribbon, 103 

Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 
101 

Pride of the Farm, 103 

Princess Brand, 101 

Bitter Conserve Co.'s, 103 

Snider's, 105 

Yours Truly, 106 
Caviar, Cresca Co's, 123 
Celery Flavor, 119 
Cereal Soap Co., 211 
Ceylon Spice Co., 109 
Chambers Sons, James, 109 
Chase & Sanborn, 14 
Cheese Sandwich, 31 
Cherries, Cobb's Navy Brand, 
46 

Del Monte Brand, 45 

Evaporated, 127 

Hunt Brothers, 46 

Troubadour Brand, 46 
Cherry Extract, 117 
Chesebrough Mfg. Co., 132 
Chicken, Boneless, Derby 
Brand, 151 

Boneless, Libby, McNeil & 
Libby's, 151 
Richardson & Bobbins' 151 
Chili Sauce, Heinz, 101 



Chili Sauce, Libby, McNeill & 
Libby's, 101 
Snider's, 105 
Chiris, Antoine, 155 
Chocolate and cocoa, difference, 
5; theo-bromin in, 5 
Borden's Milk, 36 
Chocolat Lindt, 39 
Creams, Belle Mead, 35 
Caracas, 38 
Johnston's, 37 
Maillard's, 37« 
Schrafft's, 39 
Skylark, 38 
Hershey's Milk, 36 
Huyler's Premium, 8 
Maillard's Premium, 8 
Peppermints, H. D. Foss & 

Co.'s, 36 
plain or bitter, 6 
Stollwerck's Gold Brand 

Premium, 9 
Suchard's, 39 
Wadsworth's, 39 
Whitman's Instantaneous, 9 
Yours Truly Premium, 9 
Chocolates, Almond Milk, 38 
Huyler's, 36 

Loose-Wiles' Nobility, 37 
Lowney's, 37 
Marmay Crimped, 37 
Nestle's Almond Sweet Milk, 

38 
Nestle's Hazel Nut Sweet 

Milk, 38 
Original Sweet Milk, 38 
Park & Tilford's 38 
Skylark, 38 



INDEX 



231 



Chocolates, Whitman's, 40 

Wilbur's 40 
Chow Chow, 160 
Christian Company, 82 
Christy, Arthur N. & Co., 117 
Cinnamon Flavor, 119 
Clam Bouillon, 62 
Clams, Pioneer Minced, 125 
Clark, Coggins & Johnson Co., 

14 
Clark's Corporation, 133 
Cleveland Baking Powder Co., 

3 
Cleveland Macaroni Co., 93 
Climax Coffee Co., 14 
Cliquot Club Co., 22 
Cloves Flavor, 119 
Cobb Preserving Co., 46 
Coca Cola Co., 22 
Cocoa, adulterants, 7 

and chocolate, difference, 5 

alkali-treated, 6 

Baker's Breakfast, 7 

Blooker's Daalders, 8 

Dutch process, 6 

Huyler's, 8 

Lowney's Breakfast, 8 

Maillard's Breakfast, 8 

Phillips Digestible, 8 

Royal Dutch, 7 

Swiss Chocolates Co.'s, 8 

Van Houten's Famous, 9 

Yours Truly Breakfast, 9 
Cocoanut, Baker's Premium 

Shred, 109 
Cod Liver Oil Capsules, 135 
Codfish, Beardsley's Shredded, 
123 



Codfish, Gorton's Boneless, 124 
Lord Brothers' Boneless, 124 
Coffee, Ariosa, 13 
Bakerized Steel Cut, 13 
Blendo, 14 

Borden's Condensed, 14 
Caldwell's Electric Cut, 13 
Dekofa, 15 

Fairy Cup Instant, 14 
Hotel Astor, 14 
instantaneous, 12 
La Touraine, 16 
Lockyer's Extra Fancy B., 15 
Lockyer's Extra Fancy C, 15 
Mrs. Borer's Brand Own 

Blend, 14 
Old Grist Mill, 16 
Pure Essence of, 14 
Puri-tan-ated, 14 
Queen Isabella Porto Rico, 

16 
Richlieu Brand Hans Evers 

Process Vacuum Treated, 

16 
Royal Stag, 15 
Seal Brand, 14 
substitutes for, 11 
The "400" Blend, 15 
Tourist, 15 

Washington Prepared, 15 
White House Brand, 14 
Yuban; the Arbuckle Guest 

Coffee, 13 
Yours Truly, 13 
Substitute, Banan-Nutro, 16 
Instant Postum, 16 
Kellogg's Cereal Beverage, 

15 



%m 



INDEX 



Coffee, Kneipp Malt, 15 
Colburn, The A. Co., 98, 109, 

118 
Cold Cream, Almond Dulce 
Hymettus Honey, 184 
Colgate & Co.'s, 178 
Crgme de Meridor, 179 
CrSme Elcaya, 177 
Cr&me Imperatrice, 179 
Cr^me Luxor, 179 
Cr§me Simon, 184 
Cr6me Tokalon, 185 
Daggett & Ramsdell's, 179 
Espey's Fragrant, 179 
Gille's, 180 

Honey and Almond, 181 
Hubert's Malvina, 181 
Hygienic Cr&me Eogiene, 180 
Imperatrix Skin Cream, 181 
Keeler's Superior, 182 
Kosmeo, 181 
Luxor, 178 
merits of, 173 
Palmolive Cream, 181 
Plexo, 183 

Pond's Vanishing, 183 
Priscilla Parson's, 178 
simple formula for, 176 
Coleman & Co., 22 
Colgate & Co., 178, 199, 204, 

211, 220 
Colman, J. & J., 99 
Condensed Milk, 51 
Aurora, 56 
Gail Borden Eagle Brand, 

56 
Carnation Brand, 59 
Hires, 58 



Condensed Milk, Libby, McNeill 
& Libby's, 58 
Sweet Clover Brand, 59 
Swiss, 56 
Soups, Campbell's, 62 
Franco-American, 63 
Knorr's, 63 
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 

64 
Puro Brands, 65 
Yours Truly, 63 
Condiments, adulterants in, 95 

benzoate of soda in, 96 
Cookies, Chocolate Tokens, 31 
Educator Gluten, 29 
Edwards's Bran, 29 
Lemon Snaps, 32 
Nabisco, 32 
Old Time Sugar, 32 
Sunshine Philopena Almond, 

31 
Vienna Sugar Fingers, 31 
Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps, 32 
Corby Brothers, 3 
Corn, canned, 66, 67, 68, 70 
Corn Products Refining Co., 

Ill, 117 
Corned Beef, Red Cross Brand, 

151 
Cornmeal, Pamunkey Mills, 84 
Cornstarch, Kingsford's Os- 
wego, 111 
Cottolene, 148 

Cottonseed Oil, 153, 155, 157 
Coumarin, definition of, 114 
Cox, J. & G., 109 
Crab Meat, 124 

Havalan Brand, 125 



INDEX 



233 



Crab Meat, McMenamin & Co.'s, 

124 
Crackers, Educator Graham, 30 

Educator Oatmeal, 30 

Graham, 32 

Sunshine Graham, 31 
Cranberries, D e h y d r o-Fresh, 

127 
Cranberry Sauce, Premier 

Brand, 47 
Crane, James C, 178, 204 
Cream of Tartar, Slade's, 4 
Cream of Wheat Co., 75 
Creolin-Pearson, 138 
Crgme de Meridor, 179 

Elcaya, 178 

Imperatrice, 179 

Luxor, 177 

Simon, 184 

Tokalon, 185 
Crescent Mfg. Co., 118 
Crescent Mapleine, 118 
Cresca Company, 66, 99, 123, 

128, 159 
Cresco Grits, 75 
Crisco, 148 

definition, 145 
Crittenton, Charles N. Co., 133, 

211 
Crosse & Blackwell, 14, 100, 

123, 160 
Crown Lavender Salts, 199 
Crown Perfumery Co., 199 
Cruikshanks Brothers Co., 160 
Crystal Gelatin Co., 109 
Cudahy Packing Co., 63 
Currant Jelly, 160, 161 



Currants, Dromedary Brand, 

128 
Currie Powder, 100 
Curtice Brothers Co., 100, 160, 
Cuticura Ointment, 141 
C. N. Disinfectant, 144 

Daggett & Ramsdell, 179 

Dalenut Butter, 148 

Dandruff Remedy, Wildroot, 
192 
Salve, Gille's, 189 

Dates, Dromedary Brand, 128 

Davies, K. M. & Co., 46 

Davis, Frank E. Co., 124 

Davis Milling Co., 82 

Davis, R. B. Co., 3 

De Groff, Lewis & Son, 67, 128 

Del Monte brand canned fruits, 
45, 46 

De Meridor Co., 179 

De Miracle Cremical Co., 194 
Depilatory, 194 

Denmark Condensed Milk Co., 
57 

Dentacura Co., 220 

Derby, H. C. Co., 150 

Detoxyl, 139 

Deviled Crab Meat, 124 

Diamond Crystal Salt Co., 100 

Diamond Delico, 109 

Diamond Gelatin Co., 109 

Diamond Nail Enamel, 196 

Dioxogen, 140 

Dodge, Walter Luther & Co., 
134 

Dole's Pure Hawaiian Pine- 
apple Juice, 23 



INDEX 



Downs, Jean, 134 

Dr. Pray's Gloria-Lily Lotion, 

183 
Dralle, (Hamburg), 199 
Dried Beef, Armour & Co/s, 

150 
Beechnut Brand, 150 
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 

151 
Dry Pits Lotion, 195 
Dry Pits Lotion Co., 195 
Duff, P. & Sons, 170 
Duffy's Apple Juice, 21 
Duluth Superior Milling Co., 

82 
Dunbar, G. W. Sons Co., 67 
Durkee & Co., 100 
Dwinell- Wright Co., 14, 17 



E. C. D. Chemical Co., 134 
Eau de Cologne Sea Salt, 195 
Evaporated Milk, Borden's 
Peerless, 57 

Danish Prize, 57 

Carnation Brand, 59 

Our Pet Brand, 57 

Swiss, 56 

Van Camp's, 60 
Educator Toasterettes, 30 
Edwards, Elinor E., 29 
Ehman Olive Co., 161 
Eisner Mendelson Co., 23 
Ekenberg Company, 82 
Emery & Co., 124 
Empress Mfg. Co., 188 
Eskay's Albumenized Food, 60 
Espey, J. E., 179 



Evans' Sons, Lescher & Webb, 

Ltd., 23, 134 
Every Woman Co., 134 
Every Woman's Flesh Reducer, 

134 
Eye Cream, Moras's, 139 
Extract of Beef, Armour's, 62 
Cudahy's, 63 
of Meat, Liebig's, 64 
Extracts, Bee Brand, 119 
exaggerated claims, 113 

F. B. Foronga Nail Bleach, 195 
F. B. Polpasta Nail Enamel, 

197 
Fairbank, N. K. Co., 148, 211 
Farwell & Rhines, 75, 83 
Fay, C, 180 
Ferris, F. A. & Co., 150 
Fig Newtons, 31 
Figs, Carque's California, 127 

Cresca, 128 

Dromedary Brand, 129 

Health Brand, 128 
Finnan Haddie, 123 
Fischer, B. & Co., 14, 17, 89, 

100 
Fish Flake, Davis's, 124 

Burnham & Morrill Co.'s, 123 
Five Kernels Food Co., 75 
Fleischmann Co., The, 3 
Floridine Mfg. Co., 195 
Flour, Aristos, 87 

Aunt Jemima's Pancake, 82 

Ceresota Brand, 85 

Duluth Imperial, 82 

Educator Brands, 84 

Fountain Brand, 83 



INDEX 



235 



Flour, Fountain Graham, 87 

Franklin Mills, 83 

Gold Medal, 87 

Golden Touch King Midas, 
86 

Hecker's Graham, 83 

Jireh, 84 

King Arthur, 86 

Northern Light Brand, 85 

Occident, 86 

Old Grist Mill Brand, 86 

Pillsbury's, 85 

Purina Whole Wheat, 85 

Superlative Self-Raising, 84 

Swans Down Prepared, 84 
Flours, adulterants in, 79 

gluten, 80 

self-rising, 80 
Fluid En-Ser-Olj 134 
Force, 75 
Forest Home Farm, 83, 147, 

150 
Formamint Tablets, 131 
Forquignon Mfg. Co., 197 
Foss, H. D. & Co., 36 
Foulds Milling Co., 93 
Fox River Butter Co., 148 
Franco-American Food Co., 63 
Franco-American Hygienic Co., 

180 
Frank & Son, 150 
Franklin Mills Co., 83 
Frear, Fred, 100 
Frederick City Packing Co., 67 
Freeman Perfume Co., 204 
Freihofer's Vienna Baking Co., 

93 
Fresno Home Packing Co., 128 



Fruit Flavors, Premium Brand, 
119 

Gaidry, Lowell R., 100 
Gannon, E. M., 180 
Geisha Importing Co., 205 
Gelatin, 107-108 
Boston Crystal, 109 
Chalmers' Transparent, 109 
Cox's, 109 
Knox's, 111 

Lipton's Jelly Tablets, 111 
Minute, 111 
Plymouth Rock, 112 
Gelle Freres, 199 
Genesee Pure Food Co., 110 
George Washington Coffee Sales 

Co., 15 
"Get Slim," 134 
Gherkins, 161 
Giant Chemical Co., 135 
Gill<§, E., 180, 189, 204 
Gillet, Martin & Co., 17 
Ginger Ale, Aromatic, 25 

Celebrated Club Extra Dry, 

22 
Delatour, 25 
Hywaco, 24 
Ross's Royal, 25 
Standard, 25 
Tally-Ho, 25 
essence, 119, 120 
Giroux Mfg. Co., 189 
Githens, Rexsamer & Co., 15 
Glucose in candies, 33 
Glenn's Sulphur Soap, 211 
Gluten Bread, Remmers' Dia- 
betiker loaves, 32 



236 



INDEX 



Gluten flours, 80^ 81 
Golden Gate Fruit Co., 23 
Gomi, T. D., 206 
Gordon & Dilworth, 150, 161 
Gorman & Co., Inc., 124 
Gorton Pew Fisheries Co., 124 
Gorton's Boneless Codfish, 124 
Graham, Mrs. Gervaise, 181 
Grand View Farm Produce Co., 

150 
Grape Capsule Co., 135 
juice, alcohol in, 20 

Armour's, 21 

Red Wine, 25 

Welch's, 25 
Grape Nuts, 76 
Green Bay Canning Co., 67 
Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Co., 67, 

83, 128 
Griffith-Durney Co., 46 
Grove, E. W., 135 
Gumbert, S. & Co., 3 

Hagan's Magnolia Balm, 182 
Hair Tonic, Canthrox, 190 

Empress Improved Instan- 
taneous Hair Color Re- 
storer, 188, 189 
GillS's Spun Gold, 189 
Hall's Hair Renewer, 189 
Hay's Hair Health, 190 
Lavona, 191 
Mme. Seele's French Hair 

Bluing, 190 
Parisian Sage, 189 
Parker's Hair Balsam, 189 
Petrole Hahn for the Hair, 
191 



Hair Tonic, Pinaud's Eau de 
Quinine, 190 
simple formula, 187 
Hall, R. P. & Co., 189 
Hall & Ruckel, 220 
Ham, Dairy Brand, 151 

Ferris's Our Trade Mark, 

150 
Forest Home Farm,, 150 
Frank & Son's Lax, 150 
Jones Dairy Farm, 151 
Swift's Premium, 152 
Deviled, Libby, McNeill & 
Libby's, 151 
Underwood's, 152 
Potted, Richardson & Rob- 
bins, 151 
Hansen's Charles, Laboratory, 

110 
Hanson & Jenks Co., 200 
Harris, W. B. Co., 15, 18 
Haserat Canneries Co., 67 
Hawaiian Pine Apple Products 
Co., 23 
Pineapple Co., 46 
Hay's Hair Health, 190 
Hearns & Jones, 170 
Hecker Cereal Co., 83 
H e c k e r- Jones- Jewell Milling 

Co., 84 
Heide, Henry, 36 
Heinz, H. J. Co., 67, 93, 101, 

110, 148, 155, 161 
Heller-Barnham Co., 36 
Helvetia Milk Condensing Co., 

57 
Hershey Chocolate Co., 36 
Heyer, George W., 205 



INDEX 



23? 



Higgins, Wm. H. & Co., 128 
Hill Brothers Co., 128 
Hinds, A. S., 181, 212 
Hind's Honey and Almond 

Cream Soap, 212 
Hipolite Company, The, 110 

Snow-Mallow, 110 
Hire Household Extract, 23 
Hires, Charles E. Co., 23 

Condensed Milk Co., 58 
Hiscox Chemical Works, 189 
H. 0. Company, 75 
Hoff, Johann, 23 
Holbrook & Co., 101 
Holland Rusk Co., 29 
Hominy, canned, 70 
Hominy, White Rose Brand, 77 
Honey, Acme Brand, 170 

adulterants in, 169 

Emerson Brand, 172 

Golden Tree, 171 

Premier Brand, 170 
Hopewell Dainties, 36 
Horlick's Malted Milk Co., 58 
Hormel, G. A. & Co., 151 
Hornby's Oatmeal, 75 
Houston Packing Co., 151 
Howard, J. F., 101 
Hoyt, W. M. Co., 63 
Hubert, Prof., 181 
Hudnut, Richard, 200, 205, 212 
Hulled Corn, Van Camp's, 70 
Humbert & Andrews, 161, 170 
Hunt Brothers, 46 
Huyler's, 8, 36 

Hygeia Distilled Water Co., 24 
Hygienic Food Co., 76 
Hydrox-Chemical Co. 2 135 



Hydrox Hydrogen Peroxide, 

135 
Hydroxyl-Free Cod Liver Oil, 

138 

Igleheart Brothers, 84 
Imperatrix Co., 181 
Imperial Granum Co., 58 
Infant's Food, 48-51 

Benger's 56 

Eskay's Albumenized Food, 
60 

Imperial Granum, 58 

Mead's Dextri-Maltose, 58 

Mellin's Food, 59 

Nestle's Food, 59 

Patch's Powdered Sugar of 
Milk, 60 
Invert Sugar, 164 
Illinois Canning Co., 68 
Ivins' Sons, 29 

Jad Brand Salta, 136 
Jad Salts Co., 136 
Jams, 159, 160, 161 
Jaques Mfg. Co., 4 
Jefferson Pickle Co., 161 
Jellies, 159, 160, 161, 162 
Jello Lemon, 110 
Jennings Company, 200 
Jergens, Andrew Co., 212 
Jireh Diabetic Food Co., 29, 76, 

84, 93 
Johann Hoff's Malt Extract, 23 
Johnson, B. J. Soap Co., 181, 

190, 212 
Johnson Educator Food Co., 29, 

84 



INDEX 



Johnson & Johnson, 213 
Johnston, (Milwaukee), 37 
Jones Dairy Farm, 148, 157 
Junket tablets, 110 

Karo, 170 

Ketchup, Curtice Brother's, 
100 

Olney Canning Co.'s, 103 
Keeler, Charles C, 182 
Kellogg Food Co., 15 

Toasted Corn Flake Co., 76 
Kewpie Kandies, 38 
Kidd, Mrs. E. G., 161 
Kidney Beans, canned, 68 
Kimball, Lucile, 136 
Kimball & Marxsen Rice Pro- 
ducts Co., 89 
Kinox, 137 
Kinox Company, 137 
Kippered Herring, Davis's, 124 
Kirk, James S. Co., 206, 213 
Klein's (Budapest), 213 
Kneipp Malt Food Co., 15 
Knorr, C. H., 63 
Knox, Charles B. Co., Ill 
Knox-Crutchfield, 85 
Koenig & Schuster, 68, 129 
Kohler, Peter Cailler, Swiss 

Chocolates Co., 8 
Kolynos Co., 221 
Kornol, 132 
Kosmeo, 181 

Lambert Pharmacal Co., 137 
Lamb's Tongues, Derby Brand, 

150 
Landshut, Karl, 137 



Lanman & Kemp, 200 
Lanning, Wm. & Son, 47 
Lard, Armour's "Simon Pure," 
147 
Forest Home Farm, 147 
Jones Dairy Farm, 148 
Silver-Leaf Brand, 148 
Lavona (Hair Tonic), 191 
Lavoris Chemical Co., 221 
Lavox Co., The, 190 
Laxative Bromo-Quinine, 135 
Lazell, 200 
Lea & Perrins, 101 
Leggett, Francis H. & Co., 47, 

68, 89, 161, 170 
Lehn & Fink, 137, 205, 221 
Lemon Extract, 116, 117, 118, 

119, 120, 121 
Lemos, Brooke's 21 
Lemon Soda, 24 

Snaps, 32 
Lentils, canned, 69 
Leslie-Durham & Co., 171 
Lever Brothers Co., 213 
Levering Coffee Co., 15 
Levy, Ben. Co., 205 
Libby, McNeill & Libby, 47, 58, 

64, 68, 101, 151, 155, 160 
Liebig*s Extract of Meat Co., 

64 
Lilly, Eli & Co., 213 
Lima Beans, canned, 66, 68, 70 
Lime-Fruit Juice, Montserrat, 

23 
Lime Juice, Rose's Pure West 

Indian, 25 
Lipton, 18, 111 
Liss, George & Co., 68, 124 



INDEX 



239 



Listerine, 137 

Lockyer & Co., 15 

Logan Berries, Pel Monte 

Brand, 45 
Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co., 30, 37 
Lord Brothers Co., 124 
Louisenbad Reduction Salt, 137 
Love, J. S., 171 
Lowney, Walter M. Co., 8, 37 
Luden, W. H., 137 
Lustr-ite Nail Enamel, 195 
Luxor Bath Powder, 194 

Tooth Paste, 219 
Lyon, I. W. & Sons, 221 
Lyon Mfg. Co., 182 
Lysol, 137 



McCormick & Co., 118 

M c F a d d e n-Wiess-Kyle Rice 

Milling Co., 89 
Mcllhenny Co., 68 
Mcllhenny, E., 101 
McKesson & Robbins, 222 
McMechen Preserving Co., 102 
McMenamin & Co., 124 
McMonagle & Rogers, 119 
Macaroni, food qualities, 91 

Freihofer's Egg, 93 

Fould's, 93 

Golden Egg Brand, 93 

Jireh's, 93 

Woodcock's 94 

Yours Truly, 94 
Mackerel, Davis's, 124 
Madame Yale's Skio Food, lln 
Maillard, Henry, 8 
Maillards, 37 



Manufacturing Co. of America, 

37 
Maple Syrup, Leslie's, 171 
Log Cabin, 172 
mixtures, 167 
Pride of the Ad-i-ron- 

dacks, 169 
Vermont, 172 
Vermont Maple Sap, 171 
Mapl-Flake, 76 
Marietta Stanley Co., 182 
Marinello Company, 206 
Marmalade, 160, 161, 162 
Marshmallow Whip, Whit- 
man's 112 
Marshmallows, Angelus, 39 

Heide's, 36 
Martindale, Thomas & Co., 138 
Marzahl, W., 102 
Malt Extract, Johann Hoff's, 
23 
Wyeth's Liquid, 25 
Malt Nutrine, 21 
Malted Beef, Thompson's, 55 
Milk, A. D. S., 55 
Borden's, 57 
Horlick's, 58 
Thompson's, 55 
Maspero, C, Inc., 155 
Maul Brothers, 94 
Mayer, Alfred, 37 
Mead, Johnson & Co., 58 
Meat, Potted, Libby, McNeilf 

& Libby's, 151 
Meats, dried, adulterants in, 

149 
Medical Formula Co., 138 
Mellin's Food Co., 59 



240 



INDEX 



Mennen, Gerhard Chemical Co., 

206, 222 
Menthol Cough Drops, 137 
Mentholated Vaseline, 133 
Mentholatum, 138 
Mentholatum Company, 138 
Menton6 Co., The, 155 
Merck & Co., 15, 138 
Merrell Soule Co., 59, 111 
Middendorf & Eohrs, 68 
Milk, Condensed, Aurora, 56 
Gail Borden Eagle Brand, 

56 
Carnation Brand, 60 
Swiss, 56 
Hires, 58 
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 

58 
Sweet Clover Brand, 59 
Chocolate, Borden's, 36 
Evaporated, Borden's Peer- 
less, 57 
Danish Prize, 57 
Our Pet Brand, 57 
Swiss, 56 
Van Camp's, 60 
Malted, A. D. S., 55 
Borden's, 57 
Horlick's, 58 
Thompson's, 55 
official standard, 52 
substitute, Klim, 59 
Mince Meat, Gold Medal, 110 

None Such, 111 
Mints, U-All-No, 37 

Wadsworth's, 39 
Minute Tapicoa Co., Ill 



Mohawk Condensed Milk Co., 
59 

Valley Cider Co., 102 
Molasses, 170, 171 

and syrups, 165 I 

MSller, Peter, 138 I 

Montserrat Lime-Fruit Juice, 

23 
Moras, Dr. E. R., 139 
Morehouse Mills, 102, 148, 162 
Morgan's, Enoch, Sons Co., 213 
Morris & Co., 148 
Moxie Co., 24 
Mueller, C. P. Co., 94 
Muhlens & Kropff, 195, 214 
Mum (Deodorant), 195 
Mum Mfg. Co., 195 
Murray, Joseph T., 196 
Mushrooms, canned, 66 
Mustard, 98, 102, 105 
Musterole, 139 

Company, 139 

Nabisco, 32 

Napoleon Pharmacal Co., 206 

National Biscuit Co., 31 

Candy Co., 38 

Canner's Association, 43 

Oats Co., 76 

Onion Salt Co., 102 

Pure Food Co., 65 

Starch Co., Ill 
Native Herbs, 132 
Nesnah Desserts, 110 
Nestle, Henri, 59 
New England Confectionery 
Co., 38 
Maple Syrup Co., 102, 171 



INDEX 



241 



New Skin, 140 

Company, 140 
Nikola Bathing Compound and 
Weight Reducer, 140 

Chemical Co., 140 
North Maine Packing Co., 69 
Northern Light Milling Co., 85 
N o r t hwestern Consolidated 

Milling Co., 85 
Nugatines, Huyler's, 36 

Lowney's, 37 

Park & Tilford's, 38 
Numsen, Wm. & Sons, 69 
Nunnally (Atlantic, Ga.), 38 
Nut Cream Butter* Carque's, 

147 
Nutmeg Flavor, 119 

O. T. Limited, 24 
Oakland Chemical Co., 140 
Obesity Remedy, 136 
Odor-O-No, 196 
Odorono Co., 196 
Okra, canned, 68 
Oleomargarine, 145 

Baby Brand, 147 

Marigold, 148 

Swift's Jersey Brand, 148 

Swift's Premium Brand, 148 
Olive Oil, adulterants in, 154, 
153 
Grapes, 135 
Olive Oils, 154, 155, 156 

California Ehman, 161 

Carque's California, 127 

Queen, 161 
Olney, Burt, Packing Co., 69, 
103, 163 



Olmsted, Allen S., 140 

Ongoline, 196 

Onion Extract, 116, 119 

Salt, 99, 102 
Orange Ade, 23 

Extract, 116, 118, 119 
Ovite, 111 
Ovite Mfg. Co., Ill 

Pacific Coast Condensed Milk 

Co., 60 
Packer. Mfg. Co., 214 
Pakatin-Biscuit, 30 
Palisade Manufacturing Co., 

103 
Pamunkey Mills Old Virginia 

Cornmeal, 85 
Panama Banana Fruit Co., 16 
Pancake Flour, Aunt Jemima's 

Brand, 82 
Pancake Flour, Teco Brand, 82 
Paris Medicine Co., 135 
Park & Tilford, 38, 171 
Parker's Hair Balsam, 189 
Patch, The E. L. Co., 60 
Pate" de Foies Gras, 150 
Peabody, Henry W., 125 
Peach Flavor, 117, 119 
Peaches, Del Monte Brand, 45 
evaporated, 127, 128 
Hunt Brothers, 46 
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 47 
Siegel Cooper's Fountain 
Brand, 47 
Peanut Butters, 146 

Beechnut Brand, 147 

Heinz's, 148 

Mrs. Morehouse's, 148 



242 



INDEX 



Peanut Butters, Nut-Let, 147 

Yours Truly, 148 
Pears, A. F., Ltd., 214 
Del Monte Brand, 46 
evaporated, 128 
Hunt Brothers, 46 
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 47 
Silver Lake Brand, 47 
Troubadour Brand, 46 
Peas, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 
Penick & Ford, 171 
Pepper, 99, 104 
Pepper, Dr. Co., 24 
Peppermint Essence, 119, 121 
Peredixo Cream, 177 
Perfumes, 199, 200, 201 
Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss 

Chocolates Co., 8, 38 
Peterson, H. S. & Co., 190 
Phillips, Charles H., Chemical 

Co., 8 
Phillips Packing Co., 69 
Philo Hay Specialties Co., 190 
Pickles, 161 
Pierce, S. S. Co., 25 
Pike's Universal Toothache 

Drops, 133 
Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., 85 
Pinaud, Ed., 190, 200 
Pineapple, Del Monte Brand, 
45 
extract, 116, 117, 119 
Hawaiian Sliced, Paradise 

Island Brand, 46 
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 

47 
Siegel Cooper's Fountain 
Brand, 47 



Pineapple Juice, Dole's Pure 

Hawaiian, 23 
Pistachio Flavor, 116, 117 
Pitkin, J. M. & Co., 120 
Plexo Preparations, Inc., 183, 

206 
Plum Pudding, Heinz, 110 
Del Monte Brand, 46 
Troubadour Brand, 46 
Plymouth Rock Gelatin Co., 

112 
Pompeian Company, 156 
Mfg. Co., 183 
Massage Cream, 183 
Pond, E. K. Packing Co., 151 
Pond's Extract, 140 
Pond's Extract Co., 140^ 183 
Pork and Beans, canned, 67, 68, 

70, 71 
Porto Rico Trading Co., Inc., 

16 
Post Toasties, 76 
Postum Cereal Co., 16, 76 
Potter Drug & Chemical Co., 

141, 214 
Potter & Wrightington, 16, 86 
Poultry Seasoning, 98, 99 
Powell's (New York), 38 
Pozzoni, J. A. Pharmacal Co., 

206 
Pozzoni's Gold Puff Box, 206 
Pratt-Low Preserving Co., 162 
Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 183, 196, 

206 
Premium Fruit Flavors, 119 
Preserves, 159, 160, 161, 162 

adulterants in, 157 
Price Baking Powder Co., 4 



INDEX 



243 



Price Flavoring Extract Co., 

120 
Priscilla Parsons Perspiration 

Preventative, 194 
Pritchard, E., 103 
Proctor & Gamble Co., 149, 214 
Pumpkin, canned, 69 
Pura Mfg. Co., 184, 207 
Pure Gluten Food Co., 141 
Pure Wheat Products, 83 
Purina Mills, 85 
Puritan Fruit Products Co., 25 
Pyro Chemical Co.^ 222 
Pyrodentor, 222 

Quaker Oats Co., 77 

Puffed Rice, 77 

Puffed Wheat, 77 
Quimby, W. S. Co., 16, 18 

Rabb, Charles, 103 
Rae, S. & Co., 156 
Raisins, Berry Brand, 128 

Blue Ribbon Brand, 128 

Cresca, 128 

Del Monte Brand, 127 

Golden West Brand, 128 

Ideal "Not-a-Seed," 127 

Princess Brand, 129 

Royal Scarlet, 129 

White Rose California, 129 
Ralston Purina Co., 77 
Raspberries, Williamson Brand, 

46 
Raspberry Extract, 110, 117 
Raw Food, Tyler's, 78 
Remmers, 214 
Remmers, B. & Sons, 32 



Resinol Soap Co., 215 
Rex Wrinkle Pencil, 184 
Rexall Tooth Powder, 223 
Rice, Apex Brand, 89 

Carque's Natural Whole, 89 

Comet Brand, 90 

Hotel Astor, 89 

Leggett's Natural Brown, 89 

White Swan Granulated, 89 
Rich, E. C, 112 

Richardson & Robbins, 65, 151 
Ricinol Grape, 135 
Rieger, the California Per- 
fume^ 200 
Ritter Conserve Co., 103 
Robertson Preserve Co., The 

James, 162 
Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical 

Co., 215 
Roger & Gallet, 200, 215 
Roman Meal, 85 

Meal Co., 85 
Rosaline, 197 
Rose Flavor, 118, 119, 120, 121 

L. & Co., 25 

Petal Wrinkle Cream Co., 
184 
Ross, W. A. & Sons, Ltd., 25 
Royal Baking Powder, 4 

Lunch, 32 

Mfg. Co., 184 

Olvules, 138 

Specialty Co., 65 

Tooth Powder, 219 
Rueckheim Bros. & Eckstein, 39 
Rumford Chemical Works, 4 
Rusks, Holland, 29 

Jireh Diatetic, 29 



244 



INDEX 



Russell-Miller Co., 86 

Salad Dressings, adulterants 
in, 96 
Durkee's, 100 
Mrs. Morehouse's Cream 

Brand, 102 
My Wife's, 100 
Yacht Club, 105 
Yours Truly, 105 
Salada Tea Co., 18 
Saleratus, Slade's, 4 
Salmon, Highwood Brand, 124 
Red Heart Brand, 124 
Royal Scarlet, 125 
Salt, Ivory Shaker, 105 

Shaker Table, 100 
Saltine Biscuits, 32 
Sam Katz Company, 141 

Oxygen Treatment for Ca- 
tarrh, 141 
Sands, Taylor & Wood Co., 86 
Sandwich, cheese, 31 
Sanitol Chemical Laboratory 

Co., 223 
Sardines, California, 123 
Emery & Co.'s deviled, 124 
Salome Brand, 123 
Skipper, 125 
Sargol, 142 
Sargol Company, 142 
Sarsaparilla, Hywaco, 24 

Tally-Ho, 25 
Sartoin, 175 
Sauer, C. F. Co., 120 
Sauer Kraut, canned, 68 
Sausage, Forest Home Farm, 
150 



Sausage, Frank & Son's, 150 
Grand View Farm Produce 

Co.'s, 150 
Jones Dairy Farm, 151 
Schieffelin & Co., 65, 138 
Schrafft's (New York), 39 
Schuyler, A. C, 25 
Scrapple, Forest Home Farm, 

150 
Sea Beach Packing Works, 125 
Seaboard Rice Milling Co., 77, 

90 
Seaman Brothers, 69, 77, 129 
Seele-Thompson Co., 190 
Sel Amaigrissant, 133 
"Sempre Giovine," 182 
Shac (Headache Cure), 143 
Shampoo 2 A. D. S. Liquid, 188 
Canthrox, 190 
Gille's Spun Gold, 189 
Johnson's Palm-Olive, 190 
Lavox, 190 

Swedish Hair Powder, 192 
Ward's Dandru-Cide, 192 
Powders, adulterants in, 187 
Shane Brothers & Wilson Co., 

86 
Sheboygan Mineral Water Co., 

25 
Sheffield Dentrifice Co., 223 
Shredded Wheat Co., 77 
Shrimp, Davis's, 124 
Siegel Cooper Co., 47, 69, 87 
Sills, John S. & Sons, 70 
Simon, J., 184 
Skin Food, 180 
Smith, Kline & French, 60 
Snider, T. A., Preserve! Co., 105 



INDEX 



&*5 



Slade, D. & L., Co., 4, 104, 121 
Soap, A. D. S. Improved Foot, 
210 

A. D. S. Kurakutic, 210 

Cashmere Bouquet, 211 

Colgate's Heliotrope, 211 

Cuticura, 214 

Fairy, 211 

Glenn's Sulphur, 211 

Hand Sapolio, 213 

Hind's Honey and Almond 
Cream, 212 

Hudnut's Violet Sec, 212 

Ivory, 214 

Jap-Eosej 213 

Jergen's Violet Glycerine, 
212 

Johnson's Palm Olive, 212 

Klein's Glycerin, 213 

Lifebuoy Health, 213 

Lilly's Liquid, 213 

Olivilo, 215 

Packer's Tar, 214 

Pears, 214 

Peroxide Zinc, 215 

Remmer's Peroxide, 214 

Resinol, 215 

Savon de Toilette Luxor, 211 

Savon Violette, 215 

Synol, 213 

White Hose Glycerin, 214 

Woodbury's Facial, 212 

Zap, 211 
Soaps, cleansing power, 209 
Soft drinks, impurities of, 19 
Soups, Condensed, Richardson 
& Robbin's, 65 
Campbell's, 62 



Soups, Franco-American, 63 
Knorr's, 63 
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 

64 
Puro Brands, 65 
Yours Truly, 63 
Southern California Fish Co., 
125 
Cotton Oil Co., 156 
Southwestern Milling Co., 87 
Sozodont Tooth Paste, 220 
Spaghetti, Faust Brand, 94 
Fould's, 93 
food qualities, 91 
Heinz canned, 93 
Mueller's, 94 
Van Camp's canned, 94 
Yours Truly, 94 
Spencer Kellogg & Sons, 143 
Spices, 98 

Colburn'Sj 98, 99 
Fischer & Co.'s, 100 
Slade's, 104 
Stickney & Poor's, 105 
Yours Truly, 105 
Spinach, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 

70 
Sponge Lady Fingers, 32 
Sprague, Warner & Co., 16 
Stafford-Miller Co., 208 
Standard Bottling & Extract 

Co., 25 
Stearns, Frederick & Co., 143 
Steero Bouillon Cubes, 65 
Stenzie, 197 
Stenzie Mfg. Co., 197 
Sterizol, (Antiseptic), 143 
Sterizol Sales Co., 143 



246 



INDEX 



Stickney & Poor Spice Co., 105, 

121 
Stillman's Freckle Cream Co., 

185 
Stollwerck Brothers, Inc., 9 
Strawberries, Boyle's Victory 

Brand, 45 
Strawberry Extract, 116, 117, 

120 
Stromeyer, J. & Co., 172 
Succotash, canned, 67, 69 
Suchard (Switzerland), 39 
Sugar, cane and beet, 163 
Crystal Domino, 169 
invert, 164 
Sulpho-Napthol, 143 
Sulpho-Napthol Co., 143 
Sunshine Biscuit, Wafers, etc., 

30, 31 
Swans Down Cracked Wheat, 

84 
Swedish Hair Powder, 191 
Swift & Co., 148, 152 
Syrup, Crystal Domino, 169 
Park & Tilford's Amber, 171 
Penn Mar Brand, 172 
Velva Brand, 171 
Syrups, adulterants in, 167 
and molasses, 165 

Tabasco Pepper Sauce, Gai- 
dry's, 100 

Mcllhenny's, 101 
Takoma Biscuit, 31 
Tapioca, Instantaneous, 109 

Minute, 111 

New Process Hasty, 109 
Tea, Dalmoy Blend, 17 



Tea, Golden Dome Orange Pe- 
koe, 18 
Hotel Astor, 17 
House of Lords Ceylon, 17 
Juno Mate Paraguayan, 17 
Lipton's, 18 

London Blend Brand, 17 
Magic Cup Soluble, 17 
"My Own" Blend, 18 
Royal Stag, 17 
fialada, 18 
iSa-Sa-Ma Brand, 17 
Standard HE-NO, 17 
Tetley's, 18 
White House Brand Orange 

Pekoe, 17 
Yours Truly, 18 
Teco Brand Buckwheat and 

other Flours, 83 
Tetley, Joseph & Co., 18 
Tetlow, Henry, 207 
Theobromin in chocolate, 5 
Tildesley & Co., 105 
Tiz, 134 

Toilet Water, 200, 201 
To-Kalon Mfg. Co., Inc., 185, 

191 
Tomatoes, canned, 66, 67, 68, 

70 
Tongue, Red Cross Brand, 151 
Tonic, "O. T.," 24 
Tooth Paste, A. D. S. Peredixo, 
219 
Colgate's Ribbon Dental 

Cream, 220 
Kolynos, 220 
Lavoris, 221 
Luxor, 219 



INDEX 



847 



Tooth Paste, Mennen's Cream 
Dentifrice, 222 

Pebeco, 221 

Pyrodento, 223 

Sanitol, 223 

Sheffield's, 223 

Sozodont, 220 
Powder, A. D. S. Peroxide, 219 

Calox, 222 

Dentacura, 220 

Lyon's Perfect, 221 

misleading claims for, 216- 
218 

Rexall, 223 

Royal, 219 
Toilet Powder, A. D. S. Majes- 
tic Lilac Talc, 203 

Armour's, 203 

Carmen Complexion, 207 

Casma Talcum, 201 

Colgate's Violet Talcum, 
204 

De Pray's Hy-Gen-ia, 206 

Elcaya Rice Powder, 204 

Freeman's Medicated, 204 

Geisha, 208 

Gillg's, 204 

Heyer's Prickly Heat Pow- 
der, 205 

Hudnut's Violet Sec, 205 

Hymettus Rose-Violet, 207 

Jap-Rose Talcum, 205 

Kutch Sandalwood, 208 

La Blanche, 207 

Marinello, 206 

Mennen's, 206 

Napoleon Lilac Aseptic, 
206 



Toilet Powder, Oriental Wis- 
taria Talcum, 205 
Plexo Evening White, 206 
Pozzoni's Gold Puff Box, 

206 
Priscilla Parsons Face 

Powder, 203 
Riveris Talcum 3 205 
Royal Violet, 203 
San Toy Taleum, 208 
Tetlow's Superb Gossamer, 

207 
Vogue Liquid Complexion, 

208 
Vogue Poudre de Riz, 208 
Williams Violet Talcum, 

208 
Wistaria Blossom Talc, 208 
Toothache Drops, Pike's Uni- 
versal, 133 
Tournade's Kitchen Bouquet, 

103 
Towle Maple Products Co., 172 
Troubadour Brand Canned 

Fruits, 46 
Tryphosa, 112 
Tuna, Avalon Brand, 125 

Blue Sea, 125 
Twitchell-Champlin Co., 70 
Tyler, Byron, 78 

Uncle Sam Breakfast Food Co., 
78 
Health Food, 78 
Underwood, W. M. Co., 152 
Uneeda Biscuits, 32 
United Berne Zurich Chocolat 
Mfg. Co., 39 



248 



INDEX 



United Cereal Mills, Ltd. 
78 
Drug Co., 223 



t, R., 172 
Van Buskirk's Sozodont Tooth 

Paste, 220 
Van Houten & Sons (Holland), 

9 
Van Camp Packing Co., 60, 70, 

94 
Van-Ola, 183 
Van-Thomas Co., 125 
Vanilla Extract, 116, 117, 119, 

120, 121 
Vanillin, definition of, 114 
Vantine, A. A. & Co., 200, 208 
Vaseline, 132, 133 
Veal Loaf, Libby , McNeill & 

Libby's, 151 
Vegetable extract, Vegex, 62 
Vermont Maple Sugar Maker's 

Market, 172 
Vibert, F., 191 
Victoria Tea Co., 18 
Vienna Sugar Fingers, 31 
Vieno Bran, 82 
Vieno-Self-Raising Bran Meal, 

82 
Vinegar, Crosse & Blackwell's, 

100 
Heinz's, 101 
Marzahl's, 102 
Mohawk Valley Cider Co.'s, 

102 
Pinard Brand, 99 
Wayne County Produee Co.'i, 

105 



Vinegars, adulterants in, 97 
Vogue Perfumery Co., 201, 208 

Wadsworth Chocolate Co., 39 
Wafers, Chocolate, 31 

Educator, 30 

Epic, 31 

Ivins' Bonnie, 29 

Ivins' Lunch-on-Thin, 29 

Sunshine Dessert, 31 

Sunshine Tan San, 31 

Vanilla, 32 
Wakelee's Camelline, 180 
Waldeyer & Betts, 192 
Warden Company, 192 
Ward's Dandru-Cide Shampoo, 

191 
Washburn-Crosby Co., 87 
Washington Crisps, 78 
Watson, Angus & Co., 125 
Wayne County Produce Co., 

105 
Webster, Fred L., 70 
Weight, net, of canned goods, 

42 
Welch Brothers Maple Co., 172 

Grape Juice Co., 25 
Wesson Snowdrift Oil, 156 
West Disinfecting Co., 144 
Wheatena Company, 78 
White, John F., 70 
Whitman, Stephen F. & Son, 9, 

40, 112 
Wilbur, H. O. & Sons, 40 
Wildroot Chemical Co., 192 
Williams, J. B. Co., 208 
Williams; R. C. & Co., 70, 128, 
129 



INDEX 



£49 



Wincarni's, 22 

Wintergreen essence, 117, 120 
Woodbury's Facial Soap, 212 
Woodcock Macaroni Co., 94 
Wool Heal, 144 
Woolheal Chemical Co., 144 
Worcester Salt Co., 105 
Worcestershire Sauce, Hol- 
brook's, 101 
Lea & Perrins', 101 
Wrinkle Eradicator, 194 



Wrisley, Allen B. Co., 201, 208, 

215 
Wulfing, A. & Co., 131 
Wyeth, John & Bro., 25 

Yeast, Corby Brothers', 3 

Fleischmann'Sj 3 
Yours Truly Co., 9, 18, 71, 78, 
94, 105, 121, 148 

Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps, 32 



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